UCSP (LAST)

• State Institution (Political Institutions) - Institutions controlled by the government.
• Non-State Institutions - organizations that is established by individuals and not governed by the government. (businesses)
• Banks - helps to keep money, avail different kinds of loan and exchange currencies.
• 3 main functions of BANKS:

  1. Banks are depository of savings.
  2. Banks are largely responsible for payment system.
  3. Banks issue loans to both people and companies
• The government borrows money from the banks to finance the development activities of the country.
• 2 major forms of BANKS:

  1. Commercial Banks - (nag-lalabas yung pera) Forms of credit or debit cards and checks. Payment agents.
  2. Investment Banks - (pinapasok yung pera) Acts as broker for institutional clients.
• TRADE or LABER UNION - organization of workers whose main objective is to protect the welfare of its members.
• Department of Education (DepED) = manages and regulates the education in the Philippines.
• DepED - it controls the Philippines' educational system including the creation and implementation of the curriculum and the utilization of the funds allotted by the government.
• 2 Main Goal of Education in the 21st Century World:

  • Self-Actualization
  • Productive Citizenry
• Self-Actualization - a notion proposed by Maslow. Refers to the desire of a man to the tendency for him to become what he is potentially.
• Triangle of Maslow' Self-Actualization:

  A) Self-Actualization

  B) Esteem

  C) Love and Belonging

  D) Safety Needs

  E) Physiological Needs

  
• Maslow's Characteristics of a self-actualized people:

  • Acceptance and Realism
  • Problem - centring
  • Spontaneity
  • Autonomy and Solitude
  • Continued Freshness of Appreciation
• Productive Citizenry - refers to the idea of a man the he must create the environment and opportunities to become productive.
• Productive citizenry - about the logic that what they contribute to the betterment of the society talks of how productive they are.
• Forms of Social Inequality:

  • "Social Inequality Based on" Disability
  • "" Race and Ethnicity
  • "" Sex and Gender
  • Global Inequality
• Global Warming - An increase in global temperature. Cause primarily by increased in greenhouse gases such as CO2.
• Effects of Global Warming:

  Seasonal Changes

  Water and Food shortages

  Increased health risks
• Transnational Mitigation:

  POSITIVE:

  • Remittances, sent back to the country strongly contributes to the economy.

  NEGATIVE:

  • Breakdowns relationships with loved ones
  • Dependency on their OFWs relatives not only for needs but also for wants.
  • Consumerist lifestyle of OFWs
• Social Stratification - gives rise to inequality (Social Standing)
• Social Stratification - a hierarchy refers to the division of large social groups to smaller ones. Determined by economics.
• Common Basis of Social Stratification:

  Wealth

  Property

  Gender
• Social Exclusion - process where individuals are cut off from any social activities.
• 2 Systems of Stratification:

  Closed - Resistant to change in social roles.

  Open - Mainly based on achievement, allows flexibility and may change in social roles.
• SYSTEMS of STRATIFICATION:

  Caste System

  Class System

  Meritocracy
• Caste System - closed stratification. Unable to change social standing.
• Class System - based on ownership. shares the same background and characteristics.
• Meritocracy - Determined by personal effort and merit. How a person performs their social roles.
• Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification:

  Functionalism

  Conflict Theory

  Symbolic Interactionism
• Functionalism - each part of society serves an important role and purpose. Stratification base on value of social activities or roles.
• Conflict Theory - society benefitting only a small portion. Stratification cause inequality.
• Symbolic Interactionism - explains how social standing affects interactions with others. Stratification becomes system that GROUPS people, like in Class System.
• 2 types Social Mobility:

  Upward Mobility

  Downward Mobility
• Upward Mobility - up move. Through education, employment, or marriage.
• Downward Mobility - lowering of class. By unemployment, illness, economic seatbacks, drop out of school.
• Structural Mobility - large-scale improvement or decline in status of a group of people
• Social Inequality - usually characterized by divisions that reflects unequal distribution of power within society.