soc sci

• Japan launched an invasion on the Philippines


  December 8, 1941
• American /Filipino ground troops withdraw

  To the Bataan Peninsula and the island of Corregidor in Manila Bay
• Manila was declared an "open city" to prevent its destruction and the Japanese marched into the city


  January 2, 1942
• Over 80,000 prisoners of war were captured by the Japanese at Bataan
• Prisoners of war were forced to walk


  To a prison camp more than 100 kilometers to the north
• 10,000 men, weakened by disease and malnutrition, died before reaching their destination
• Jose P. Laurel


  President of the Philippines of the Second Republic appointed by the Japanese
• A President under Puppet Government believed that it was a Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic
• Hukbalahap


  • Known as "Hukbo Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon" or "Huks"
  • Headed by Luis Taruc
  • A communist guerrilla movement formed by the peasant farmers of Central Luzon
• General Douglas MacArthur


  • Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s
  • Landed on the island of Leyte on October 20, 1944
  • Aided by the surging opposition and guerrilla forces, the intense fighting continued until the formal surrender of Japan on September 2, 1945
• General of the Army Douglas MacArthur: '"I will return."'
• Nieves Fernandez


  • Only known female Filipino guerrilla leader who fought against the Japanese occupation of Leyte Island during World War II
  • With long knives traditionally used to cut vegetation and shotguns fashioned from sections of gas pipe, they successfully killed 200 Japanese occupiers
• Captain Fernandez led her group for more than 2.5 years against the Japanese occupation, which caused the Japanese government to offer a bounty of 10,000 pesos for her head
• She was wounded once in combat but survived the war and is remembered as a Filipino hero