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• PARTS OF THE CHAPTER 1

  • Introduction
  • Setting of the study
  • Conceptual framework
  • Statement of the problem
  • Significance of the study
  • Scope and limitation of the study
  • Definition of terms
• TYPES OF VARIABLE

  1. Independent variable
  2. Dependent variable
  3. Control variable
  4. Moderator variable
  5. Intervening variable
• Hypothesis - is defined as a wise guess that is formulated and temporarily adopted to explain the observed facts covered by the study. It is important for it tells the researcher what to do and how to go about solving a research problem
• A Hypothesis should always:

  • Explain what you expect to happen
  • Be clear and understandable
  • Be testible
  • Be measurable
  • Contain an independent and dependent variable
• Types of Hypothesis

  1. Null hypothesis (H0)
  2. Alternative hypothesis (H1)
• Null hypothesis (H0) - is a denial of an existence of a trait, characteristic, quality, value, correlation or difference of the result. Null hypothesis is always stated in negative form
• Null hypothesis - states that there is no change in the dependent variable due to changes to the independent variable. This means that the results are due to chance and are not significant. A null hypothesis is denoted as H0 and is stated as the opposite of what the alternative hypothesis states
• Alternative hypothesis - this states that there is a significant difference or relationship between the variables being studied. It is denoted as H1 or Ha and is usually accepted or rejected in favor of the null hypothesis.
• Significance of the study - presented either in the inductive or deductive perspective.
• Inductive perspective - the researcher moves from the particular to the general, and presents the importance of the study from the target beneficiaries, to the researcher himself, to the people in community, to the people in the province, region, and nation.
• Deductive perspective - general to particular, discussion of the importance of the study starts first from the national level to the researcher himself and to the target beneficiaries.
• Scope and Limitations of the study

  • This includes the coverage of the study area, the subjects, the research apparatus, equipment, or instrument, the research issues and concerns, the duration of the study, and the constraints that have direct bearing on the result of the study
• Scope - refers to the problem or issue that the researcher wants to study with the project
• Limitations - is the term used for constraints that impact the researcher's ability to effectively study scope of the project. 
• Definition of terms - this is the last section of a research paper in chapter 1
• Two ways of defining the key terms used in the study

  1. Conceptual definition
  2. Operational definition
• Conceptual definition - the definition of terms are based on concepts or hypothetic ones which are usually taken from dictionary, encyclopedia, and published journals
• Operational definition - the definition of terms are based on observable characteristics and how it is used in the study
• Parts under chapter 2 entitled review of related literature and studies:

  • Foreign literatures
  • Local literatures
  • Foreign studies
  • Local studies
  • Relevance of the reviewed literatures and studied to the present study
• Related - means reading, literature and studies which have direct bearing or relation to the present study
• Literature - may be defined as "Written works collectively, especially, dose of enduring importance, exhibiting creative imagination and artistic skill which are written in a particular period, language, and subject. In other works any written materials such as book, journal, magazine, novel, poetry, yearbook, and encyclopedia are considered as literature
• Related readings - the major sources are laws and department directives such as letters, orders, memoranda, and others which are related to the present study. Department directive serves as legal basis for the paradigm of the study. This presents study as having direct or indirect implications to the government thrusts
• Related literature - is composed of discussions of facts and principles to which the present study is related
• Local - if printed in the philippines
• Foreign - if printed in other lands
• Related studies - are studies, inquiries, or investigations already conducted to which the present proposed studies are related or has some bearing or similarity. They are usually unpublished materials such as manuscripts, thesis, and dissertation s
• Local - if the inquiry was conducted in the philippines
• Foreign - if conducted in foreign lands  
• Conceptual framework - presents specific and well-defined concepts which are called constructs
• Intervening variable - is a variable which interferes with the independent and dependent variables, but it its effects can either strengthen or weaken the independent and dependent variable
• Independent variable - this is the stimulus variable which is chosen by the researcher to determine its relationship to an observed phenomenon
• Dependent Variable - this is the response variable which is observed and measure to determine the effect of the independent variable. It changes when independent variable varies
• Presentation of the Problem - the start of the introduction is the presentation of the problem,that is, what the problem is all about. This will indicate that will be covered by the study.
• Rationale of the study - the reasons why it is necessary to conduct the study must be discussed
• Moderator Variable - this is a secondary or special type of independent variable chosen by the researcher to determine if you changes or modifies the relationship between the independent and dependent variables
• Variable - defined as a quantity susceptible of fluctuation or change in value or magnitude under different conditions. Numerical values or categories represent this quantities
• Theoretical framework - shapes the justification of the research problems/research objectives in order to provide the legal basis for defining its parameters.
• Theoretical framework - Is the blueprint for the entire dissertation inquiry
• Theoretical framework - It is a symbolic construction which uses abstract concepts, facts or laws, variables and their relation that explain and predict how an observed phenomenon exist and operates
• Theoretical framework - Serves as the guide on which to build and support your study