lesson 7

• Adolescence


  A crucial period in social development
• Personal relationship


  The degree of intimacy and vulnerability we offer to other people
• Social relationship


  Relationships or interactions between two or more individuals, formally established for the betterment of society and individuals and may demand certain levels of loyalty
• Social influence(Rashotte)


  Things such as behavior, actions attitude, concepts, ideas, communications, wealth, and other resources that bring about changes in the beliefs, attitudes, and/or behaviors of persons as a result of the action of another person
• Positive peer influence


  • Develop social skills, academic motivation, and performance
• Negative peer influence


  • Peer pressure
• Culture


  Learned and socially shared
• Identification


  When a person is influenced by someone he or she likes or looks up to like a movie star, a social celebrity or a superhero
• Internalization


  When a person is able to own a certain belief or act, and is willing to make it known publicly and privately
• Leadership


  The action of leading a group of people or an organization. It is a relationship among leaders and followers, which is influential in effecting change and realizing common goals.
• Leader


  Often typecast as someone who is the head of a group of people by virtue of having great strength and wisdom, or may have inherited a position of power even if strength and wisdom were not part of his person's.
• Autocratic leadership


  • This leadership styles centralizes in authority. The autocratic leader derives from the position, control rewards, and uses coercion to make his or her group members follow. He or she is all of and focuses exclusively on the task at hand.
  • Results in a hostile, dependent and self oriented group environment, associated with high productivity when the leader is present.
• Laissez-faire leadership


  • The leader leaves the group to its own capacity to finish its tasks. He intervenes minimally. It creates a friendly, group-centered yet play-oriented atmosphere, relative to low productivity.
• Democratic leadership


  • A leadership that delegates authority to others, asks for suggestions, and discusses plans with members. He or she depends on the respect of his members for influence.
• Traits theory


  Defines leadership based on certain personalities traits which are generally suited for all leaders, such as decisiveness, persistence, high level of self-confidence, and assertiveness, among others.
• Behavioral theory


  Presupposes that leadership is a learned behavioral, and that leaders are defined according to certain types of behavior they exhibit.
• Participative theory


  The opposite of an autocratic leader. The leader involves other people to make common decisions.
• Situational theory


  Assumes that there is no one style of leadership and the leadership behavior is based on the factors present in a situation, and usually takes into consideration how followers behave.
• Transactional theory


  State that leadership involves a transaction or negotiation of resources or position. Usually employs reward and punishment.
• Transformational theory


  Involves a vision, which a leader uses totally support from followers, and the role of the leader is in motivating others to support the vision and make it happens.
• Personality traits of leaders

  1. Extraversion / surgency
  2. Agreeableness
  3. Conscientiousness
  4. Emotional stability
  5. Intellect / openness to experience
• The parental relationships

  When children go through puberty, there is often a significant increase in parent-child conflict and a decrease  in cohesive familial bonding. Adolescents who have a good relationship with their parents are less likely to engage in various risky behaviors, such as smoking, drinking,and unprotected sex.
• • The peers

  As adolescents work to form their identities, they pull away from their parents, and the peer group becomes very important.
• Compliance

  • is when a person seems to agree and follows what is requested or required of him or her to do or believe in, but does not necessarily have to really believe or agree to it.