Vishalini

• Functions of interviewing skills useful for informal interviews

  • Daily interpersonal interactions (interpersonal communication)
  • Relationship development
  • Group communication
  • Conflict resolution
  • Education
  • The public arena
• Counseling process


  1. Relationship building

  2. Assessment and diagnosis

  3. Formulation and counseling goals

  4. Intervention and problem solving

  5. Termination and follow up

  6. Research and evaluation
• Conceptual models of counseling

  • Art and Science
  • Counselling as Storytelling
  • Counseling and Psychotherapy
  • Formal and informal helping
• Counseling


  A dynamic process associated with an emerging profession
• Characteristics of an effective helper


  • Encouraging
  • Self realization
  • Artistic
  • Self disclosure
  • Emotionally stable
  • Courageous
  • Emphatic and caring
  • Patient
  • Self aware
  • Non-judgmental
  • Self acceptance
  • Tolerance of ambiguity
  • Positive self esteem
  • Spirituality
• Theories emphasizing career development issues

  • Super's Theory
  • Holland's Theory
  • Roe's Theory
• Realistic individuals


  • Take a logical, matter of fact approach to life
• Investigative people


  • Use an investigative, analytic approach to problem solving
• Social individuals


  • Tend to be social, cooperative, and people oriented
• Artistic people


  • Tend to be sensitive, creative, spontaneous, and nonconforming
• Conventional individuals


  • Are conforming, inhibited, and have a preference for structured situations
• Enterprising individuals


  • Tend to take an extroverted, aggressive approach to problem-solving
• Qualities or characteristics a counselor should portray

  • Empathy
  • Unconditional positive regard
  • Congruence
  • Respect
  • Immediacy
  • Confrontation
  • Concreteness
  • Self-disclosure
• Counseling


  Developmental - facilitate development and prevent problems
• Psychotherapy


  Remediative - aimed at helping clients overcome existing problems such as anxiety and depression
• Counseling clients


  Tend to have "problem of Living" such as relationship difficulties, or need assistance with specific problems such as career choice
• Psychotherapy clients


  Problems are more complex and may involve using formal diagnostic procedures to determine if there is a mental disorder
• Counseling goals


  Focus is more on short-term goals
• Psychotherapy goals


  Focus on short- and long-term goals. Long term goals can involve processes such as helping the client overcome a mental disorder
• Counseling treatment approaches


  Can include preventive approaches and various counseling strategies to assist with the client's concerns
• Psychotherapy treatment approaches


  Utilize strategies that relate to conscious and unconscious processes
• Counseling settings


  Can be provided in a variety of settings such as schools, churches, and mental health clinics
• Psychotherapy settings


  Offered in settings such as private practice, mental health centres, and hospital
• Types of workplace interviews

  • Employment interview
  • Performance review
  • Grievance
  • Persuasive
  • Exit interviews
• Steps to become a professional counsellor

  1. Begin formal study of counselling

  2. Professional Affiliation

  3. Seek Certification or Licensure

  4. Continuing education

  5. Professional Involvement