midterm (HMN101)

• Dadaism or Dada


  A post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre, and graphic design
• Dadaism


  • A protest against the barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society
  • Its works were characterized by deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art
• Dadaists


  First met at a café Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich, Switzerland in 1916
• Tristan Tzara


  The leader of the Dadaists, a poet from Romania
• Richard Huelsenbeck


  The co-founder of the Dadaists
• Dada had no rules, no values, and sought to shock people
• Dada sought to undermine all art, viewing it as part of cultural norms and sensibilities that established oppressive aesthetic standards and emphasized the "reason" and "order" that had led to the self-annihilating destruction of World War I
• Surrealism


  Launched in Paris in 1924 by French poet André Breton with the publication of his Manifesto of Surrealism
• Surrealists


  Believed that automatism (automatic writing and drawing) was a better way to tackle societal change than the Dada movements attack on prevailing values
• The Surrealist artist often sought to challenge the social and political norms
• The role of dreams and the unconscious mind is explored through symbolic imagery and metaphor in Surrealism
• Constructivism


  An artistic and architectural theory that originated in Russia at the beginning of 1913 by Vladimir Tatlin, a rejection of the idea of autonomous art by constructing it
• Abstract Expressionism


  A painting movement in which artists typically applied paint rapidly, and with force to their huge canvases to show feelings and emotions
• Abstract Expressionism was produced in New York roughly between 1940-1960, and made New York the center of the art world, often called the "New York School"
• Arshile Gorky was the artist to put the Abstract Expressionism movement into motion, because his art ideals were obtained from Surrealism, Picasso, and Miro
• Optical Art or Opt Art

  A form of geometric abstract art, that explores optical sensations through the use of visual effects such as recurring simple forms and rhythmic patterns, vibrating color combinations, moiré patterns, and foreground-background confusion
• Optical Art


  • Employs tricks of visual perception like manipulating rules of perspective to give the illusion of three-dimensional space, mixing colors to create the impression of light and shadow
• Elements of Optical Art

  • Line
  • Shape
  • Space
• Principles of Optical Art


  • Pattern
  • Movement
• Minimalism


  Describes movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is stripped down to its most fundamental form
• Minimalism was most strongly associated with American visual arts in the late 1960's and early 1970's
• Photorealism


  An art movement that involves replicating the original photo image into a painting or a sculpture
• Photorealism derived from pop art minimalism because it challenged people's art paradigms and it also focused on American consumerism
• Pop Art


  Fused high art with everyday culture, employing common materials and popular imagery from mass media like comic strips and advertising
• Artists like Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein subverted traditional ideas of originality by replicating mass media visuals through techniques such as screen printing
• Installation Art


  Art that engages with three-dimensional space
• Examples of Installation Art

  • Hairstyles
  • Nail Art
  • Make up
  • Tattoos
  • Piercings
• Performance Art


  An art in which the medium is the artist's own body and the artwork takes the form of actions performed by the artist
• Performance Art is art that could not be bought, sold, or traded as a commodity
• While the terms 'performance' and 'performance art' only became widely used in the 1970s, the history of performance in the visual arts is often traced back to futurist productions and dada cabarets of the 1910s
• In the post-war period performance became aligned with conceptual art, because of its characteristics
• Characteristics of Performance Art

  • Performance Art is a legitimate artistic movement
  • Performance Art is live
  • Performance Art has no rules or guidelines, it is art because the artist says it is art, it is experimental
  • Performance Art is not for sale (it may sell admission tickets and film rights)
  • Performance Art may be comprised of painting, sculpture, dialogue, poetry, music, dance, film footage, laser lights, animals, fire, etc.
  • Performance Art may be entertaining, amusing, shocking or horrifying, it is meant to be memorable
• Conceptual art


  Characterized by a focus on the idea or concept underlying the piece rather than the final product
• The term "conceptual art" mainly refers to work created between the mid-1960s and the mid-1970s
• Conceptual art originated as an art trend in the 1960s
• Baroque music


  A period or style of Western classical music from approx. 1600 to 1700 originated in Western Europe
• Baroque music


  The term 'baroque' is from Portuguese and means 'Broken Pearl', which is a particularly apt way of describing this style of music
• Baroque music


  • Characterized by elaborate ornamentation
  • Ground bass (basso continuo) - a musical form that became popular and is characterized by a repeating bass line over which variations are played
• Function of Baroque music


  • It served as a musical expression for brilliant composers
  • A source of entertainment for aristocrats
  • A way of life for musicians and a temporary escape from reality
• Johann Pachelbel


  A German Composer who was one of the most influential composers of the Baroque period