natural hazards

• physical geography - looks at the natural processes of the earth, and how they affect human activities
• human geography - looks at the impact of and behaviour of people and how they relate to the physical world
• distribution descriptions


  dense - closely compacted together

  linear - formed in a long line

  near - close to something

  scattered - distributed over a wide area

  clustered - positioned close together

  sparse - small in number and spread out
• cause - make something happen

  effect - a change which is a result of a cause

  response - a reaction to something
• social - people and the effect on them
• environmental - nature and its effects
• economic - money and how it is effected
• natural hazards are severe and extreme weather and climate events that occur naturally in all parts of the world
• TEA


  T - trend (which areas are most at risk)

  E - example (name countries effected)

  A - anomaly (what places are the exception)
• continental vs oceanic crust

  continental crust is thicker (30-50km) but less dense

  oceanic crust is thinner (5-10km) but more dense
• earth layers

  • crust - thinnest, outermost layer
  • mantle (lithosphere) - made of molten rock (magma)
  • outer core - made of liquid metal
  • inner core - made of solid metals, centre of the earth
• destructive plate boundary - two continental and oceanic plates are pushed together, forcing the oceanic plate under the continental one
• constructive plate boundary - two plates move away from eachother, causing magma to rise from the mantle, creating new crust
• conservative plate boundary - two plates rub up against eachother, creating friction, and commonly causing earthquakes
• collision plate boundary - when two continental plates move towards eachother, forcing the mantle upwards, creating mountains
• pangaea


  alfred wegener theorized that all the continents used to be connected, and he called this supercontinent 'Pangaea'
• the different fits


  • the jigsaw fit - the similarity of the outline of the coastline of south america and africa fit together like puzzle pieces
  • the geological fit - the geology of south america and africa fit together perfectly when lined up
  • the tectonic fit - pieces of the caledonian fold mountain belt are found in greenland, canada, ireland, england, scotland, and scandinavia