Microbio

• Microbiology


  The study of living microorganisms of microscopic size
• Microorganisms


  • They are a diverse group of generally minute simple life-forms that include bacteria, archaea, algae, fungi, protozoa, and viruses
  • They cannot be seen by naked eyes, they are only seen under a microscope
  • They are present everywhere on earth, including human beings, animals, plants, soil, water, food, and atmosphere
• Branches of Microbiology


  • Pure Science: Bacteriology, Mycology, Protozoology, Algology, Parasitology, Genetics, Immunology
  • Applied Science: Medical Microbiology, Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Industrial Microbiology, Food Microbiology, Soil Microbiology, Agriculture Microbiology, Aquatic Microbiology, Air Microbiology, Epidemiology
• Prokaryotic cells


  • Single-celled microorganisms known to be the earliest on earth, including Bacteria and Archaea
  • Lack a nuclear membrane, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, chloroplast, and lysosomes
  • Genetic material is present on a single chromosome
  • Divide asexually by binary fission
• Eukaryotic cells


  Cells with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
• Components of Prokaryotic Cells

  • Plasma Membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • DNA
  • Ribosomes
• Reproduction in Prokaryotes


  1. Asexually by binary fission

  2. Sexually by conjugation, transformation, transduction
• Prokaryotes


  • Bacterial cells
  • Archaeal cells
• Taxonomy


  The science that deals with naming, describing and classification of all living organisms including plants
• Taxonomic Categories


  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
• Spherical (Cocci) Bacteria


  • Coccus
  • Diplococci
  • Streptococci
  • Staphylococci
  • Sarcina
  • Tetrad
• Rod (Bacilli) Bacteria


  • Coccobacillus
  • Diplobacillus
  • Bacillus
  • Streptobacilli
  • Pallisades
• Spiral (Spirilla) Bacteria


  Spiral-shaped, aerobic bacteria with flagella
• Spirochaetes (Corkscrew) Bacteria


  Bacteria like Spirilla, mobile and found in freshwater environments
• Coma (Vibrios) Bacteria


  Comma-shaped bacteria, aquatic microorganisms, some species cause serious diseases