USA 1865-90: Social Change and Native Americans

• Sand Creek Massacre


  1864- Colorado

  - 96 natives died
• Treaty of Medicine Lodge


  1867

  - comprised of 3 treaties

  - New Boarders and controlled encroachments of whites
• how many conflicts between Whites and Natives in 1871


  101
• whites breached treaties of 1868


  1874

  - war in Black Hills and catastrophic US defeat at Little Bighorn
• Cheyenne defeated


  1875

  - Red River War

  - 50 dead
• Geronimo's War


  1881-1886

  - 55 civilians dead
• Oklahoma Land Rush


  1889

  - 2 mil acres of Native land was set aside as 'free' for whites
• Orange Riots


  1870-71

  - Irish immigrants terrorising other immigrant groups
• how many Chinese worked on the Union Pacific Railroad 1863-69


  15,000
• how much more were whites paid than the Chinese who worked on the railroads

  2x
• American Federation of Free Labour


  founded 1885

  - in 1892 they had 250,000+ members

  - only allowed white skilled workers
• National Labour Union formed


  1866
• Knights of Labour


  1869

  - uniting workers of all races and backgrounds

  - 100,000 members by 1885
• US union membership 1872


  300,000
• National Railroad Strike


  1877

  - following a pay cut in Pittsburgh 5,000 workers fought off 650 fed troops

  - 39 buildings burnt

  - 104 locomotives destroyed
• Irish immigrants


  483,000
• clubs, hotels and colleges turned Jews away

  1877
• how many jewish immigrants by 1900


  90,000
• 1880-90 number of immigrants


  5.2 mil
• Chinese E

  1882
• Immigration Restriction League


  1894
• by 1890 ...% of the manufacturing force were foreign


  56%
• NY pop increase 1860-90

  doubled
• by 1872 how much land had been claimed under the Homestead Act


  4.6 mil acres
• how many hectares in the West were owned by British companies 1883


  8 mil
• how many settled between 1881-5 due to Great Northern Railroad


  67,000
• 3 Universities opened for blacks

  1866-68

  - Howard, Fisk and Hampton
• Freedmen's Bureau success


  opened 1000 schools and enrolled 90,000 blacks during reconstruction
• 1870-90 north AA pop

  460,000 to 910,000 (migration counted for 50% of the increase)
• 15th Amendment


  1870

  black suffrage
• view of Supreme Court in 1880s


  fundamental perception that blacks were inferior
• Ohio and New Jersey pass civil rights legislation


  1884
• between 1882-99 how many lynchings


  2,500 men and women
• Senator Henry W. Blair puts forward education bill


  1882

  - would fund millions into AA education

  - rejected by congress
• between 1877-87 number of AA students ....., but only ../.. eligible blacks were in education


  doubled

  2/5
• by 1890 over ...% of blacks were illiterate


  50%
• Booker T. Wahington


  committed to black education

  - Tuskegee Institute 1881: black land grant insitute