cell biology

• what are the 2 types of cells

  prokaryotes and eukaryotes
• where are eukaryotic cells found?

  they’re found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists
• what’s the size of a eukaryote cell?

  10-100 micrometers
• what is a eukaryote?

  an organism made up of eukaryotic cells
• where are prokaryotic cells found?

  in single celled organisms, like bacteria
• what’s the size of a prokaryotic cell?

  0.1-5.0 micrometres
• what are prokaryotes?

  they are unicellular organisms
• how many rings of DNA does a prokaryotic cell have?


  one or more small rings, called plasmids
• what happens to plasmids?

  they can replicate and move between cells so genetic info can be shared
• where is the DNA stored in a prokaryotic cell?


  in the cytoplasm - in a concentrated region called the ‘nucleoid’
• what don’t prokaryotic cells have?

  • nucleus

  • mitochondria

  • chloroplasts
• all eukaryote cells have..

  • a cell membrane

  • cytoplasm

  • a nucleus
• what does the cell membrane do?

  controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
• what does the cytoplasm do?

  jelly-like substance where most of the cell’s chemical reactions take place
• what do plasmids do?

  plasmids are small, circular rings of DNA, which can replicate independently within a cell and move between cells so genetic info can be shared
• what does selectively permeable mean?

  allows some substances to pass through while blocking others
• what is genetic material?

  material containing info stored in DNA
• what does the nucleus do?

  it holds genetic material in the form of chromosomes
• what do ribosomes do?

  synthesising (making) proteins
• what is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

  6 CO2 + 6 H2O —> C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2
• what happens in the mitochondria?

  where aerobic respiration takes place
• what is aerobic respiration?

  the process of producing energy from glucose in the presence of oxygen
• what is anaerobic respiration?

  respiration without the presence of oxygen
• what does a cell wall do?

  provides structure and protection
• what do chloroplasts do?

  contains chlorophyll, which is needed for photosynthesis
• what the size of a eukaryote?

  varies, but usually 10-100 ym (micrometers)
• what’s a eukaryotic cell made out of?

  an organism made up of eukaryotic cells
• what does a permanent vacuole do?

  stores water in a fluid filled sac
• what is a cell wall made out of?

  cellulose
• when do plants differentiate?

  throughout their lives
• when do animals differentiate?

  early on in their development
• plants being able to differentiate throughout their life means..

  they are able to create new tissues
• animals not being able to differentiate throughout their life means..

  new tissues are rarely created by cell differentiation