Midterm (GenDEv)

• Chromosomes


  MALE: X and Y chromosome (XY)

  FEMALE: X and X chromosome (XX)
• Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS)

  Condition where a person has XY chromosomes but develops female secondary sexual characteristics
• Biological male and female

  • Hormones:

  TESTOSTERONE (MEN): Low T levels can cause decreased sex drive, less energy, weight gain, feelings of depression, moodlessness, low self-esteem, less body hair, thinner bodies

  TESTOSTERONE (WOMEN): Low libido, reduced bone strength, poor concentration, depression
• Male reproductive anatomy

  • Penis

  Testes

  Scrotum

  Prostate gland

  Vas deferens

  Urethra
• Female reproductive anatomy


  • Vulva

  Vagina

  Ovaries

  Fallopian tubes

  Clitoris

  Labia

  Uterus

  Urethra

  Bartholinis gland
• Healthcare check-up for men

  • Blood pressure

  Blood test

  Prostate cancer

  STDs

  Colon cancer
• Healthcare check-up for women

  • Blood test

  Urine test

  Pap smear

  Cholesterol test

  Pelvic exam

  Colorectal cancer

  Bone density screening

  Breast cancer

  Self-check
• Mary Wollstonecraft: 'An English writer and philosopher'
• Sex differences: Nature or Nurture?

  Are sex differences naturally produced or a result of social cultural production?
• Sexual Dimorphism


  • Breasts vs. Chests

  Big Apple vs. Small

  Square vs. Heart-shaped Faces

  Hairy vs. Not

  Fair vs. Swarthy

  Muscular vs. Curvy
• Men typically have thicker skin - by about 25%. They also have higher densities of the protein collagen.
• From about age 14 to 51, women typically need more iron than men. This is due to their loss of blood during menstruation, which typically happens in a cycle of 28 to 40 days.
• Folate is an essential vitamin. So, men and women both need it. But it's especially crucial for women of child-bearing age. If they become pregnant, women need enough folate to support the neural development of their babies.
• A woman's circadian rhythm is more likely to be short of a 24-hour period (They're often six minutes short of a full day.) Men are more likely to be night owls. But women function better during periods of sleep deprivation.
• During exercise, women's primary fuel is fat. For men, it's carbohydrates.
• An average adult female has about 15-70 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL) of testosterone. An average adult male has about 270-1070 ng/dL. Every year after age 30, men's testosterone levels drop about one percent. That doesn't happen for women. But women do see their estrogen levels fall off after menopause.
• Men have pronounced Adam's apples. That's because they have larger voice boxes that make the surrounding cartilage stick out more.
• Both sexes hit peak bones mass around age 30- 40. At 40, men and women start losing bone. Menopause accelerates bone loss in women. So, women 51-70 need 200 milligrams (mg) of calcium more than men of same age. That's 1200 mg per day for women and 1000 mg per day for men.
• Men and women carry different amounts of body fat. The higher body fat in women - about 10% -- mostly supports reproductive physiology. One example is when a woman's body fat gets too low, she stops menstruating.
• Women typically carry their body fat in their hips and thighs. Fat tends to deposit around men's stomachs.
• The difference between men and women's size, muscle mass, and calorie needs means men typically require diets higher in protein.
• Men normally have more red blood cells (4.7-6.1 million cells per microliter compared to 4.2-5.4 million cells per microliter for women).
• Women typically have lower blood pressure than men - regardless of race or ethnicity.
• For most of life, men and women have the same vitamin D requirements. But older women need to up their intake of vitamin D. That's because it promotes better calcium absorption.
• Men are less likely to seek regular medical checkups. And when they go to the doctor, they're more likely to hide or lie about their symptoms.
• Zinc needs are generally similar for men and women. But pregnant and post-menopausal women require more zinc. Both sexes store zine in bones, but men also store the essential mineral in their prostate.
• The differences in the way men and women see the world is partly physical. On average, men are more likely to be colorblind, but their eyes also sense movement better. Women are able to distinguish small difference in color better.