Biology

• Autotroph

  Producers (do photosynthesis for food)
• Heterotroph

  Consumer (rely on other organisms for food source)
• Sun


  Where producers get their energy from
• 10% of energy is transferred, 90% is lost as heat
• When water freezes, molecules expand and ice floats
• Homeostasis


  The body's ability to maintain a stable temperature
• Cohesion/Adhesion


  Raindrops, capillary action, surface tension
• Universal solvent


  Dissolves O2, CO2, minerals. Water is polar so it dissolves most things.
• Water cycle


  1. Precipitation

  2. Runoff

  3. Transpiration

  4. Evaporation

  5. Condensation
• Carbon cycle


  1. Trees absorb carbon from atmosphere

  2. Combustion puts carbon into atmosphere
• Photosynthesis (carbon cycle)


  Takes carbon from the atmosphere
• Cellular respiration (carbon cycle)


  Puts carbon into the atmosphere
• Invasive species


  Outcompete native organisms, do better in low biodiversity areas
• Sustainability


  Using a resource in a way that it doesn't run out
• Fossil fuel


  Usage leads to global warming by adding CO2 to the atmosphere
• Primary succession

  Starts after a volcano/glacier that leaves bare rock
• Secondary succession


  Starts after a natural disaster that leaves soil
• Renewable resources


  • Water
  • Wind
  • Biomass
  • Solar
• Nonrenewable resources


  • Oil
  • Coal
  • Nuclear
  • Natural gas
• Carbohydrates


  Sugar (CHO) short term energy
• Lipids


  Fats (CHO) long term energy
• Proteins

  Enzymes (CHON) transport, immune response, etc.
• Nucleic acid

  DNA (CHONP) genetic info
• Enzymes

  Increase rate of reaction by lowering activation energy. More = better, optimal conditions = better.
• Phospholipid bilayer

  Semi-permeable membrane
• Passive

  Without energy, with gradient
• Active


  With energy, against gradient
• Plant cell components


  • Cell wall
  • Chloroplasts
  • Large central vacuole
• Ribosomes


  Make proteins
• Nucleus


  Holds DNA
• Lysosomes


  Digest waste
• Mitochondria


  ATP (cellular respiration)
• Vacuole


  Stores water
• Endoplasmic reticulum


  Transports proteins from the ribosome to the rest of the cell
• Golgi apparatus

  Package and sort material to leave the cell
• Meristematic tissue function

  In charge of new cell growth, helps plants grow and repair and forms the cambium
• Vascular tissue function


  Transports food and water (nutrients) up and down the plant
• Dermal tissue function


  Considered to be the "skin" of the plant where gas exchange occurs
• Ground tissue function

  Used as a filler space for the plant, stores the glucose that is not used, photosynthesis
• Pistil


  Female parts of the flower