Specialisation & cloning

• Stem cells are made in your bone marrow, but these can only specialise into blood cells.
• Stem cells can be harvested for:

  • Diabetes
  • Paralysis
• Cloning can be used to preserve species from becoming extinct or produce crops with desired traits.
• Nerve cell transmits nerve impulses
• Muscle cell contract to provide muscle movement
• Muscle cells contains:

  • Lots of mitochondria where respiration takes place to release energy
• Sperm cell function:

  • Carries the male DNA to the egg and fertilises the female gamete
• Sperm cell adaptations:

  • Tail & streamlined head to swim to the egg
  • Lots of mitochondria to provide energy to move
• Root hair cell function:

  • Absorbs water and minerals from the soil
• Root hair cell adaptations:

  • No chloroplasts
  • Large surface area to absorb more water from the soil
• Xylem cell function:

  • transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves
• Phloem cell function:

  • Carries the sugars made by photosynthesising plant to other parts of the plant
• Xylem easier cell function:

  • Transports water around plant
• Phloem easier cell function:

  • Carries sugars around the plant
• Tissue definition:

  • A group of specialised cells with a similar structure and function
• Organ definition:

  • collection of different tissues working together to carry out different functions
• Muscle tissue role in stomach:

  • Churns food and digestive juices of the stomach
• What is the stomata?

  • Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move