gen-biology

• Nutrients


  Help living organisms develop their bodies, grow, heal damaged body parts, and give energy for life and activity
• Heterotrophic Nutrition


  • Cannot produce their own food
• Digestion


  The mechanical and chemical process by which complex food substances are broken down into simpler substances
• Parts of the Digestive System

  • Mouth
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Liver
  • Gall Bladder
  • Pancreas
• Mouth


  Produces saliva where mechanical mastication of food takes place to form bolus
• Esophagus


  A muscular tube that conducts peristalsis and serves as passageway for food
• Parotid Gland


  GLANDULA PAROTIDEA
• Submandibular Gland


  GLANDULA SUBMANDIBULARIS
• Gall Bladder


  Helps in the storage of bile and discharging it from the cystic duct
• Gall Bladder


  Stores bile
• Pancreas


  Digestion of protein and starch
• Large Intestine


  Re-absorbs water
• Anus


  Eliminates feces
• Feeding Mechanism of Animals

  • Substrate-feeders
  • Filter-feeders
  • Fluid-feeders
  • Bulk-feeders
• Substrate-feeders


  Animals live on the source of their food and eat through it
• Filter-feeders


  Aquatic animals strain the food particles from the water
• Fluid-feeders


  Animals suck fluid containing nutrients from another animals
• Bulk-feeders


  Animals beak down and swallow large amount of food
• Required Nutrients


  • Carbohydrates
  • Fats
  • Proteins
• Essential Nutrients


  • Amino acids
  • Fatty acids
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
• Photosynthesis


  1. Light energy is converted to chemical energy in order for the plant to make their own food

  2. 6CO2+6H2O+Sunlight---C6H12O6+6O2
• Small Intestine


  A tube that contains villi which absorbs the nutrients and water coming from the food
• Large Intestine


  A tube that absorbs water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and gets rid of any waste products
• Parts of Small Intestine

  • Jejenum
  • Duodenum
  • Ileum
• Anus


  An opening that eliminates feces inside the body
• Digestive Process


  • Ingestion
  • Digestion
  • Absorption
  • Elimination
• Digestion


  Breaking down of food into smaller pieces
• Absorption


  Movement of nutrients, water and electrolytes from the small intestine into the cell, then into the blood
• Elimination


  Undigested material passes out of the system
• Esophagus


  Connects mouth to stomach
• Stomach


  Gastric juice breaks the food chemically
• Feeding Mechanism of Carnivorous Plants

  • Trapping Mechanism
  • Pitcher Plant
  • Venus Flytrap
  • Cobra Lily
  • Yellow Pitcher Plant
  • Sundew
  • Monkey Cup
• Trapping Mechanism


  Insect-eating plants capture and digest their preys through pitfalls and traps
• Macronutrients

  • Nitrogen
  • Potassium
  • Phosphorus
  • Sulfur
  • Calcium
  • Magnesium
• Micronutrients


  • Iron
  • Boron
  • Zinc
  • Manganese
  • Chlorine
  • Molybdenum
  • Copper
• Ovaries

  • Oogenesis - development of ovarian follicles
  • Secretion of estrogen and progesterone
• Fallopian tubes (oviducts)

  Area where fertilization occurs
• Uterus (womb)

  • Endometrium
  • Myometrium
• Male Reproductive System

  • Testes
  • Seminiferous tubules
• Seminiferous tubules

  • Produce sperm (spermatogenesis)
  • Regulated by hormones (GnRH, FSH, LH)