Chemistry Paper 1

• hydrogen ions


  What are acids in solution a source of?
• hydroxide


  What are alkalis in solution a source of?
• 7


  What is the pH of a neutral solution?
• low (less than 7)


  Do acidic solutions have high or low pH values?
• high (greater than 7)


  Do alkaline solutions have high or low pH values?
• alkaline


  Is this solution acidic or alkaline?

  
• acidic


  Is this solution acidic or alkaline?

  
• red


  Give the colour of methyl orange indicator when it is put into an acidic solution
• yellow


  Give the colour of methyl orange indicator when it is put into an neutral solution
• yellow


  Give the colour of methyl orange indicator when it is put into an alkaline solution
• colourless


  Give the colour of phenolphthalein indicator when it is put into an acidic solution
• colourless


  Give the colour of phenolphthalein indicator when it is put into an neutral solution
• pink


  Give the colour of phenolphthalein indicator when it is put into an alkaline solution
• it decreases


  What happens to pH when hydrogen ion concentration increases?
• it increases


  What happens to pH when hydrogen ion concentration decreases?
• it decreases by 1


  What happens to pH as hydrogen ion concentration in a solution increases by a factor of 10?
• a concentrated solution has a higher amount of substance dissolved in the solution


  What is the difference between a concentrated and dilute solution?
• one that only partially dissociates into ions


  What is a weak acid?
• one that fully dissociates into ions


  What is a strong acid?
• any substance that reacts with an acid to form a salt and water only


  What is a base?
• soluble bases


  What are alkalis?
• salt + hydrogen


  Complete this equation: acid + metal -->
• salt + water


  Complete this equation: acid + metal oxide -->
• salt + water


  Complete this equation: acid + metal hydroxide -->
• salt + carbon dioxide + water

  Complete this equation: acid + metal carbonate -->
• a lit splint causes a 'pop'


  What is the test for hydrogen?
• lime water


  What is needed to test for carbon dioxide?
• lime water turns cloudy


  What is the test for carbon dioxide?
• a reaction between an acid and a base


  What is a neutralisation reaction?
• H+ + OH- → H2O


  Write a general equation for a neutralisation reaction
• titration


  What technique needs to be used if soluble salts are prepared from an acid and a soluble reactant?
• burette


  Name this piece of apparatus

  
• pipette


  Name this piece of apparatus

  
• they are all soluble


  What is true about common sodium, potassium and ammonium salts?
• true


  True or false: all nitrates are soluble
• false: common chlorides are soluble except those of silver and lead


  True or false: all chlorides are soluble
• silver and lead


  Give 2 examples of metals that form insoluble chlorides
• false: common sulfates are soluble except those of lead, barium and calcium


  True or false: all sulfates are soluble
• lead, barium and calcium

  Give 3 examples of metals that form insoluble sulfates
• false: common carbonates and hydroxides are insoluble except those of sodium, potassium and ammonium


  True or false: all carbonates are soluble