Public Health

• What is the definition of health? (1)

  "The absence of diseases or illness"
• What is the definition of health? (2)

  "A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity"
• Public Health


  all organised measures (whether public or private) to present disease, promote health, and prolong among the population as a whole
• Current public health Issues

  - Obesity

  - Alcohol misuse

  - Smoking

  - Sexual health

  - Mental health

  - Viral infections e.g. - COVID Flu

  - Environmental pollution
• MECC


  Healthcare professional expected to discuss a healthy lifestyle with patients during interaction known as Making Every Contact Count (MECC)
• Top global effects of health

  1) Ischaemic heart disease

  2) Stroke

  3) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

  4) Lower Respiratory infections

  5 ) Neonatal conditions
• Factors which can influence person behaviour and health

  Drugs

  Lifestyle

  Medical conditions

  Environment

  Religion

  Culture
• Current Public Health Issues

  Mental Health

  Obesity

  Smoking

  Alcohol Misuse
• Public Health Model


  Dahlgren and Whitehead 1991

  
• Health Inequalities


  access to service and healthcare exist based on a variety of factors

  health issues - Postcode lottery and North-South side
• Public Health Interventions


  Levelling up scheme

  Commissioning of pharmacy service on a local basis
• Resources used to identify inequalities

  Joint strategic needs assessment (JSNA)

  Health Profiles

  Marmot Indicators - monitor local performance for indicators relating to the marmot report
• Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (JSNA)

  overview local population, demographics, health and education resources and health outcomes

  determine health service required on local basis
• Health Profiles


  public health England - performance of local area compared to national average for health related issues
• Who provides evidence based by public?

  NICE
• Public health policy set by Department of Health who is it implemented by?

  Integrated Care Boards (ICBS)
• Monitor local performance for indicators relating to the marmot report of 2010


  Marmot indicator
• Public health oversight in England Disbanded in OCT 2021 replaced by two new bodies


  - UK Health Security Agency

  - Office for Health Improvement and Disparities
• Screening


  Identify disease early or identify individuals risk of developing a disease to aid early treatment/ improve survival rate

  e.g bowel cancer screening,diabetic eye screaming sad breast cancer screening
• Public Health Interventions ( Campaigns)

  1) Vaccination

  2) Taxation - clean air Zones

  3) Campaigns to raise awareness of issues
• Who exists to reduce health inequalities to meet the government's target to "level up" in relation to health outcomes?

  Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID)