Respiration

• aerobic respiration


  Breaking down glucose with oxygen to release energy and producing carbon dioxide and water
• anaerobic respiration

  Releasing energy from the breakdown of glucose without oxygen, producing lactic acid (in animals) and ethanol and carbon dioxide (in plants and microorganisms)
• biotechnology


  The use of biological processes or organisms to create useful products
• fermentation


  A type of anaerobic respiration in which glucose is converted into ethanol, carbon dioxide, and energy
• haemoglobin


  The substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen around the body
• oxygen debt


  Extra oxygen required after anaerobic respiration to break down lactic acid
• plasma


  Liquid that transports blood cells and other materials around the body
• Anaerobic respiration equation


  Glucose = lactic acid
• Fermentation equation


  Glucose = carbon dioxide+ethanol
• When exercising


  We breathe more quickly (increased breathing rate) to pull more oxygen into the body. Oxygen is needed to release more energy by AEROBIC RESPIRATION
• Uses of Biotechnology


  • Fermenting alcoholic drinks e.g wine and beer
  • Using yeast to allow bread to rise before baking
• Exhalation

  • Ribcage is pulled downwards and inwards
  • Diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards into a dome
  • Volume in the lungs decreases
  • Air moves out of the lungs
• Adaptions of the lungs

  • Lots of blood vessels to take away oxygenated blood
  • Thin walls in the alveoli to reduce the distance of diffusion
  • Alveoli creates a large surface area
  • Moist
• Inhalation

  • Ribcage is pulled upwards and outwards
  • Diaphragm contracts and moves downwards
  • Volume in the lungs increases
  • Air moves into the lungs
• Drugs


  Chemicals that affect the way our body works
• Gas exchange


  The process of taking in oxygen and giving out carbon dioxide
• Medicinal drugs are used in medicines
• Recreational drugs are taken by people for enjoyment
• Recreation drugs can be harmful to health
• Some recreational drugs include alcohol and tobacco
• Drug addiction is when your body gets so used to a drug, it feels it cannot cope without it
• If someone with an addiction stops taking drugs, they will experience withdrawal symptoms