Starch

Cards (30)

  • What is starch primarily used for in plants?
    Chemical energy store
  • How is starch formed in plants?
    From glucose produced by photosynthesis
  • What are the two slightly different polysaccharides that make up starch?
    Amylase and amylopectin
  • What type of glycosidic bonds does amylose have?
    1-4 glycosidic bonds
  • What structure does amylose form?
    Long chain that forms a helix
  • How is the structure of amylose stabilized?
    By hydrogen bonds
  • How does the solubility of amylose compare to glucose?
    Less soluble than glucose
  • What type of glycosidic bonds does amylopectin have?
    1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
  • What is the structure of amylopectin?
    Branched structure
  • Is amylopectin soluble or insoluble?
    Insoluble
  • How does the energy density of amylopectin compare to amylose?
    Not as energy dense but quicker to break down
  • What is glycogen primarily used for?
    Chemical energy store for animals and fungi
  • What type of glycosidic bonds does glycogen have?
    1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
  • How does the branching of glycogen compare to amylopectin?
    Forms more branches than amylopectin
  • Why do animals have a higher metabolic rate regarding glycogen?
    More free ends for quicker release
  • How does glycogen's solubility affect water potential?
    Insoluble, doesn't affect water potential
  • What happens to starch or glycogen during respiration?
    Undergo hydrolysis to release glucose
  • What is cellulose primarily responsible for in plants?
    Strength
  • From what type of glucose molecules is cellulose formed?
    β glucose molecules
  • How is a 1-4 glycosidic bond formed in cellulose?
    Between the OH groups of glucose molecules
  • What structural feature does cellulose form due to alternating glucose inversion?
    Very long straight unbranched chain
  • How do hydroxyl groups contribute to cellulose's structure?
    Project from both sides of the chain
  • What are microfibrils in cellulose?
    Hydrogen bonds between chains
  • How do macrofibrils form in cellulose?
    Microfibrils join together
  • What adds strength to cellulose structures?
    Polysaccharide glue like hemicellulose
  • What is a key property of cellulose?
    Insoluble and unreactive molecule
  • Why is high tensile strength important for cellulose?
    For maintenance of shape and plant uprightness
  • How does cellulose contribute to breakage prevention in plants?
    By forming hydrogen bonds with neighboring chains
  • What is the first stage of cell wall construction in young cells?
    Thin and flexible primary cell wall
  • What happens to the cell wall as cells mature?
    Strengthens by adding secondary cell wall