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Biology
Biological molecules
Starch
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Created by
Kamila Hussain
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Cards (30)
What is starch primarily used for in plants?
Chemical energy store
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How is starch formed in plants?
From
glucose
produced by
photosynthesis
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What are the two slightly different polysaccharides that make up starch?
Amylase
and
amylopectin
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What type of glycosidic bonds does amylose have?
1-4
glycosidic bonds
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What structure does amylose form?
Long chain that forms a
helix
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How is the structure of amylose stabilized?
By
hydrogen bonds
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How does the solubility of amylose compare to glucose?
Less
soluble
than
glucose
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What type of glycosidic bonds does amylopectin have?
1-4
and
1-6
glycosidic bonds
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What is the structure of amylopectin?
Branched
structure
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Is amylopectin soluble or insoluble?
Insoluble
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How does the energy density of amylopectin compare to amylose?
Not
as
energy dense
but
quicker
to
break down
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What is glycogen primarily used for?
Chemical energy store for
animals
and fungi
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What type of glycosidic bonds does glycogen have?
1-4
and
1-6
glycosidic bonds
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How does the branching of glycogen compare to amylopectin?
Forms
more branches
than amylopectin
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Why do animals have a higher metabolic rate regarding glycogen?
More
free ends
for quicker release
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How does glycogen's solubility affect water potential?
Insoluble
, doesn't affect
water
potential
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What happens to starch or glycogen during respiration?
Undergo
hydrolysis
to release
glucose
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What is cellulose primarily responsible for in plants?
Strength
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From what type of glucose molecules is cellulose formed?
β glucose
molecules
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How is a 1-4 glycosidic bond formed in cellulose?
Between the OH groups of
glucose
molecules
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What structural feature does cellulose form due to alternating glucose inversion?
Very long
straight
unbranched
chain
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How do hydroxyl groups contribute to cellulose's structure?
Project from both sides of the
chain
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What are microfibrils in cellulose?
Hydrogen bonds
between chains
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How do macrofibrils form in cellulose?
Microfibrils
join together
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What adds strength to cellulose structures?
Polysaccharide
glue like
hemicellulose
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What is a key property of cellulose?
Insoluble
and
unreactive
molecule
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Why is high tensile strength important for cellulose?
For
maintenance
of
shape
and
plant uprightness
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How does cellulose contribute to breakage prevention in plants?
By forming
hydrogen bonds
with neighboring
chains
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What is the first stage of cell wall construction in young cells?
Thin and flexible
primary cell wall
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What happens to the cell wall as cells mature?
Strengthens by adding
secondary cell wall
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