reviewer

• Statistics

  The branch of Mathematics that deals with collecting, organizing, and describing numerical information or data
• Common terms in statistics

  • Population
  • Individual
  • Sample
  • Parameter
  • Data
• Qualitative data


  Non-numerical, uses words, categorized
• Quantitative data


  Numerical, counted/measured
• Types of quantitative data

  • Discrete - certain/finite/exact, obtained through counting, uses whole numbers
  • Continuous - uses interval/range, not exact, obtained by measurements, uses decimals
• Variable


  The characteristic of an individual to be measured or observed
• Types of variables


  • Dependent - Affected or influenced by another variable
  • Independent - The one that affects dependent variable
• Types of data measurement

  • Nominal - Qualities with no rank or ordering and no numerical or quantitative value
  • Ordinal - Data can be arranged in an order but the differences between data are meaningless
  • Interval - Data can be ranked and the differences between the values are meaningful, but no true zero or starting point
  • Ratio - Similar to interval, except that there is true zero or starting point, and the ratios of the values have meaning
• Ungrouped data


  Raw, or recorded as they occur, as they come, or as they happen
• Grouped data


  Frequency is the number of times a certain value or class of values occurs
• Frequency distribution table


  A table that shows the data arranged into different classes and the number of cases that fall into each class
• Listening


  The ability to accurately receive and interpret the message in the communication process
• Active listening


  An active listener not only pays attention but withholds judgements during the speaker's turn and reflects on what is being said
• Determining the worth of ideas/Determining importance


  Focusing on what is significant in the information you have listened to
• Important information


  The main idea that you need to better understand the concept you are listening to
• Interesting information


  Little detail or additional detail, which could be a cool fact, distractor or less important concept, that is present in the article
• Filtering


  Selecting only the information necessary to better understand the selection that you are listening to
• Determine the worth of ideas

  Making decisions as to what parts of the text deserve the most attention
• Narrative genre


  Identifying the main ideas and inferring themes of the story
• Non-fiction


  Important information and learning from the text
• Conflict


  A literary device characterized by a struggle between two opposing forces
• Types of literary conflicts

  • Character vs. Self - an internal conflict
  • Character vs. Character - a common type of conflict where one character's needs or wants are at odds with another's
  • Character vs. Nature - a character is set in position to nature
  • Character vs. Supernatural - pitting characters against phenomena like ghosts, Gods or monsters
  • Character vs. Technology - in conflict with some kind of technology
  • Character vs. Society - an external conflict that occurs when the protagonist is placed in opposition with the society, the government or a cultural tradition
• Essay


  Derived from the French infinitive essayer which means "to try" or "to attempt"
• Informative essay


  A literary essay piece with the purpose of educating readers, also called an expository essay which aims to expose or display information that is beneficial to the reader
• Parts of an informative essay


  • Introduction - used to grab the attention of the reader and to introduce the topic
  • Body - Contains all of the important facts
  • Conclusion - summarizes the topic
• Types of professions


  • Blue-collar workers - manual labor jobs where their hands are heavily used
  • White-collar workers - jobs that rely more on thinking than physical labor
• Types of courses that prepare people for professions

  • Academic courses - heavily focused on the mind, not very hands-on
  • Vocational courses - require actual or hands-on training
  • Technical courses - similar to vocational courses, more practical compared to academic courses
• Types of goals


  • Short-term - require a short period of time to accomplish
  • Long-term - require a long period of time to accomplish
• Characteristics of a good goal (SMART)

  • Specific - all actions should be clear from the start
  • Measurable - have observable characteristics
  • Accountable - be responsible for all actions taken
  • Realistic - dreaming of impossible things may have negative effects
  • Time-bound - all goals should have a specific deadline
• Factors to consider when preparing oneself

  • Financial situation - education costs increase yearly
  • Academic readiness - basic skills learned in elementary and high school are needed for some programs
  • Job opportunities - the program chosen can provide an idea of what career to pursue
  • Family responsibilities - need to care for family as well