Migration in modern Britain.

Created by

Sabooh Ahmed

Cards (66)

When were women given the right to vote
1918
when was the NHS created?
1948- required urgent staff
How were greater worker rights assured?
2010- Equality act
1988- National Minimum wage act.
when and what was the alien act?
1905 - only those with money and job could migrate.
what happened in 1975?
Britain joined the EU and migration became easier.
Impact of the world wars on Britain.
needed war effort, migrants needed to rebuild country
aeroplanes and turbine ships more common- movement of goods.
coal mining businesses closed so people recruited migrants for low wages.
what happened in 1926? 
the commonwealth was set up- 54 states
How did the world war affect migration?
3 million soldiers moved from the empire, over 1 million from India.
migrant merchant seamen brought over food.
1914- Germany invades Belgium, 250,000 Belgians migrate.
WW2 - 8 million men from colonies volunteered
160,000 Poles migrated and 14000 joined the RAF
Why did Jews migrate?
Jewish persecution in Germany, Britain accepts 60,000 refugees.
What was Kinder transport?
children could enter Britain without visa and passport and would return after the war.
Between December 1938 and September 1939, over 8000 migrated.
Who migrated after WW2?
Irish labourers, Italian labourers, Hungarians, refugees from communist regimes in Eastern Europe.
Why did people migrate after WW2?
Houses, factories, stations and churches needed rebuilding.
NHS needed skilled workers.
Transport systems needed rebuilding
Why did Caribbeans migrate?
help rebuild the country
worked in jobs they were overqualified for.
1952- USA put restrictions on immigration.
1956- London transport started paying migrant fares.
Migration rose to 58,000 in 1960
Why did Kenyan Asians migrate?
1962- Kenya became independent, PM told Kenyans to chose between British or Kenyan.
95,000 Kenyan chose British.
1968 - 20,000 Kenyan Asians migrated to Britain.
When and what was the Nationality Act.
1948
gave British passport to millions in British colonies and they had the right to enter Britain.
Why did Ugandan Asians migrate?
1972- All Ugandan Asians expelled except professionals.
Britain offered Asians to chose between Indian and British passport.
Most chose British passport for stability.
Why did people from India and Pakistan migrate?
1947- partition between India and Pakistan.
led to extreme violence
thousands fled to Britain
some were highly educated professionals, others were rural labourers.
How did The EU affect migration?
migrants coukd move to where there was jobs.
employers find skilled workers they need.
businesses grow and prosper
economy grows and more workers needed.
What did Britain do in 1951?
signed up to the United Nations convention of Refugees.
promised to offer asylum to those fleeing persecution.
However numbers increased significantly. ( in 2002- 84,000 )
system began to fail- desperate refugees began crossing channel dangerously.
experiences of Belgians. 
many were welcomed, lots of work was available and many set up businesses.
1918- Belgians given one way ticket as government needed them to rebuild country
Experiences of Germans.
1914- Parliament passed Status of Aliens act.
males old enough to fight had to report to a police station and provide evidence of good character and English knowledge - if not they were deported.
How did germans face prejudice.
German food taken off menus, workers striked in factories employing Germans, mobs attacked German owned shops.
What was the trouble at the docks?
after WW1, soldiers wanted their jobs back and were angry that migrants had taken them as migrants were eager to take low wages, riots broke out in ports such as in Tiger Bay in Cardiff.
When and what was the battle of Cable street?
4 October 1936
100,000 people including Jews, Somalis and Irish gathered in cable street to put down march by the BUF in Whitechapel who wanted to target Jewish migrants.
Experiences of Polish
1947 - Parliament passed the Polish Resettlement Act- 120,000 Polish men had the right to remain in Britain
they were accepted due to their war service.
What was ' Enemy Aliens'
government felt threatened by Italians and Germans living in Britain
government began mass internment
When was the National Front founded?
1967
What did Enoch Powell do in 1968?
gave the 'rivers of blood' speech which was against immigration.
what was Brixton like?
poor housing, crime, unemployment
What were the Brixton riots?
police began stop and search - 1000 searched with most being black.
10 April 1981 - 3 days of rioting took place against the police.
What triggered rioting in Burnley?
dispute between Asian taxi driver and a white gang.
June 2001, led to a weekend of rioting
When and what was the Commonwealth immigrants act?
1962
only those with a valuable skill and where there was a shortage of workers could migrate.
ended rights of commonwealth passport holders to live and work in Britain
when and what was the race relations act?
1965
made it illegal to discriminate because of someones race
when and what was the second commonwealth immigrants act?
1968
reduced the number of vouchers to limit migration.
people had to be British born or have parents born.
Who was Doreen Lawrence? 
Her son murdered in 1993
suspects were not charged. Doreen accused police of not holding a formal investigation.
lead to massive public campaign.
1999 , government enquiry found MET police to be racist
What was the Anti Nazi league? 
formed in 1977
left wing group against fascism.
disrupted marches and campaigns run by racist groups.
What was the National front?
1967
wanted to ban non white immigration to Britain.
What was Show Racism the Red Card? 
campaign to stop racism in football
works with schools and youth clubs
What was Black Lives Matter? 
protested against police brutality and racially motivated violence against black people.
became an international protest after death of George Floyd in 2020
How many employees did London transport have by 1968?
73,000
9000 were from ethnic minorities