Cell specialisation

• Nerve cell function- transmit electrical impulses from one part of the body to another
• Muscle cell function- contracts to move a body part.
• Root hair cell function- absorbs water and minerals from the soil
• Phloem and xylem cell function- transporting food and water around plants
• Sperm cell function- to fertilise the egg cell, to carry the genetic information from the father to the mother
• Embryonic stem cells- can differentiate into any type of cell, can be used to treat diseases
• Chromosomes- long strands of DNA that carry genes.
• Cell cycle- the process of cell growth, development and repair that occurs in eukaryotic cells.
• Binary fission- A type of cell division that involves the division of a single cell into two identical daughter cells
• Sperm cell adaptations- long tail for swimming, lots of mitochondria for energy, carries enzyme to break down egg cell membrane
• Nerve cel adaptations- long axon to reach all around the body, myelin sheath to be insulated, neurons carry the impulses
• Muscle cell adaptations- long so they have space to contract, have lots of mitochondria to provide energy
• Root hair adaptations- the protrusion of the cell has a large surface area so it can gather lots of water and nutrients so it can grow
• Phloem cell adaptations- no components to make room for the amino acids to dissolve, contains sieve plates to allow amino acids to move through
• Xylem cell adaptations- thick walls to withstand high pressure, no nucleus to reduce water loss, no top or bottom between xylem vessels to allow water to flow