PEDS

• 3 types of PEDS

  prohibited substances

  prohibited methods

  legally prescribed drugs which are restricted
• prohibited substances


  -stimulants

  -narcotic analgesics

  -anabolic agents

  -peptide hormones (EPO)

  -diuretics
• stimulants positives


  - affect CNS

  - increase alertness

  - reduce fatigue
• stimulants negatives


  - headaches

  - high blood pressure

  - injuries

  -addictive
• anabolic agents positives


  - promote muscle and bone growth

  - reduce recovery time

  - train harder
• anabolic agents negatives


  increase risk of

  -high blood pressure

  - heart attack

  -infertility
• peptide hormones positives


  - increase red blood cells

  - increase naturally occurring hormones

  - reduce fatigue
• peptide hormones negative


  - blood becomes viscous

  -risk of heart attack, stroke
• Diuretics positives


  - remove body fluid

  -lose weight

  - masking agent
• Diuretics negative


  increase risk of

  -dehydration

  - kidney failure

  - headaches
• blood doping


  The misuse of techniques and/or substances to increase one's red blood cell count
• process of blood doping

  - remove a performer blood and freeze it a few weeks before

  - RBC are reproduced in the body

  - re-injected the thawed blood prior to competition
• side effects of blood doping (positive)

  - increase RBC

  - increase oxygen carrying capacity

  - improve the performers aerobic capacity

  - shorter recovery time
• side effects of blood doping (negative)

  - viscous blood

  - heart attack

  - stroke
• beater blockers


  reduce heart rate, muscle tension, blood pressure
• beater blocker are taken to

  - reduce adrenalin affects

  - improve motor control
• side effects of beater blockers

  - nausea

  - tiredness

  - heart problems

  - poor blood circulation
• advantages of PEDS for a performer

  increase chance of success

  fame/ wealth

  level playing field
• disadvantages of PEDS for a performer

  health risks

  reputation is damages

  fines and bans
• disadvantages of PEDS to the sport

  struggle to get sponsorship

  damages reputation

  negative image

  participation falls
• positive influence of spectators

  financial

  home advantage

  increase profile of sport

  motivates team
• negative influence of spectators

  pressure

  expensive

  negative atmosphere

  hooliganism
• hooliganism


  Disorderly, aggressive and often violent behaviour by spectators at sporting events.
• Reasons why hooliganism occurs

  - rivalries

  - media hype

  - alcohol

  - gang culture
• ways to manage hooliganism

  -all seater stadiums

  -segregated fans

  -security

  -alcohol restrictions

  -traveling restrictions

  -early kickoffs