Roman Civilization

• The origins of the Roman Empire trace back to the founding of Rome, traditionally dated in 753 BCE
• Religious Buildings


  • The Pantheon
  • Basilica of Santa Maria ad Martyres
• Civic Structures


  • The Roman Forum
• Residential Structures


  • Apartment Buildings
  • Insulae
• Entertainment Venues


  • Baths of Caracalla
  • Colosseum
• Concrete


  Romans used volcanic ash and volcanic rock to create durable cement
• Through their use of cement, domes, large-scale arches, columns, and decorative designs, Roman architecture has profoundly influenced the generations after them
• One of the most famous Roman aqueducts is the Pont du Gard in southern France, which was built around the 1st century AD and is still largely intact today
• Aqueducts


  A conduit built used to transport fresh water to highly populated areas
• Sanitation refers to the provision of facilities and services that promote hygiene and cleanliness, as well as the management of human waste and wastewater to protect public health and the environment
• During the Roman civilization, sanitation practices varied depending on the time period and the region
• Hypocaust


  The flue gases which is providing heating to the room, was called "Pilae". These supports were arranged in rows on the floor. These supports made of bricks were combined with mortar and placed on the floor of the bath
• Hypocaust


  Considered to be the ancestor of the floor heating systems used today, and was used in the baths of Ancient Rome and later in the homes of some wealthy families
• Cursus Publicus


  Responsible for carrying important dispatches, official orders, and news between different parts of the empire
• Acta Diurna


  First newspaper, likely used low-grade saitic or taenotic papyrus for daily publishing, kept Romans updated on weddings, births, deaths, crimes, trials
• Roman Numerals


  Ancient numeral system originating from Rome, developed out of a need for a common method of counting, essential for communications and trade
• Julian Calendar

  Invented by Julius Caesar in 46 BC, featured 365 days in each year with an additional leap day added every fourth year
• Julian Calendar


  Gradually replaced by the Gregorian Calendar
• Codex


  Historical ancestor of the modern book, spread of the codex is often associated with the rise of Christianity, replaced the usage of scrolls and wax tablets
• Elements of Surgery


  • Surgical tools and techniques
  • Antiseptic in surgery
  • Caesarean section
• The Twelve Tables were a set of laws inscribed on 12 bronze tablets created in ancient Rome in 451 and 450 BCE
• The Roman Empire crumbled centuries ago, but its profound impact on contemporary society still prevails as exemplified by their remarkable contributions