Language help/ linking words/ stylistic devices

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Created by
Beke

Cards (71)

  • Literary genre
    • The text is a typical example of a …
    • It is … but it also contains elements of a …
    • In this extract / part / section / segment from …
    (author)’s … “(title)”, …
    • This text may be classified as …
    • This text shows all features of …
    • short story/ novel
  • Author, historical context
    • It was written in … by …
    • In the … century, (genre / texts about: topic) were very popular because …
    • The author grew up in … and was influenced by … / He / She is famous for
  • setting
    • The text is set in …
    • The action takes place in …
    • The setting of … is …
    • The events are situated in …
  • tone

    • · The tone is …
    • · The author has a…
    ironic / serious / humorous / critical / friendly
    / positive attitude towards...
    blunt / rude / aggressive / polite way of
    addressing the reader
  • Main character / protagonist / hero / antagonist
    Flat / round / dynamic / central / background
  • Summary/ outline
    The text at hand/ The given text is an excerpt/ extract from the (genre) “title”. It was written by (author) and published in ( place/ source). The text basically deals with ... .
    The text can be divided into ... parts. Firstly, ... /Secondly/Thirdly/
  • Formal letter
    • In response to your letter of September 23rd ...
    • Unfortunately, I am forced to write this letter in order to complain about ...
    • I would be very grateful if you would send me further information about...
    • With reference to your advertisement in the Daily News of March 3rd, I should like to apply for the position of..
    • I would be grateful if you could deal with the problem as soon as possible.
  • Writing a speech

    Address the audience: Ladies and gentlemen, Fellow students, My friends, Members of .., My fellow countrymen, etc.
    o   Relate your speech to your listeners. Use receiver-including pronouns and words like we, us, our, my friends, etc.
    o   Having discussed ... it is now appropriate to mention ...
  • writing a speech
    • adverbial phrases: undoubtedly, certainly, undeniably, definitely, indeed, paradoxically, surprisingly, strangely enough, primarily, first and foremost, above all, etc.
    o   Don't we all agree/want to ...?
    o   repetition, exaggeration/hyperbole, alliteration, etc.
    o   Thank you for your attention, ladies and gentlemen.
  • Writing a discussion/ comment
    o   The text/book raises the question of .../ introduces the problem of...
    o   The problem/issue that is touched upon here is ...
    o   Considering the fact that ...
    o   You also have to take into consideration that ...
    Above all, it is important to note .../it must be said .../one cannot ignore (that)
  • writing a comment/ discussion
    o   On the one hand..., on the other hand ...
    o   In contrast to A, B ...
    o   Looking at the problem from A's side, you have to admit that ...
    o   Supporters/Opponents of .... argue/might argue that ...
    o   As opposed to ..., I definitely believe that ...
    o   Taking into account what has been said so far, I...
    o   Having considered the different arguments, I...
  • writing a blog post
    o   In this blog, I'm going to be discussing ...
    o   Today, I want to address...
    o   I think/believe/reckon/find ...
    o   As far as I'm concerned, ...
    o   That's all well and good, however, ...
    o   Nonetheless, there's a whole other side to this.
    o   Let's not forget ...
    o   Whichever side of the debate you're on, I'm sure you'll agree this is a really interesting subject.
    o   That's where we are at the moment, but we'll have to watch how this develops in the future.
  • Topic
    • The text tells the story of ... / The text is about ...
    • In his text from ..., the author deals with the topic of ... /
    • This text is concerned with the topic of ...
  • topic
    • The problem of ... provides the dominant theme ...
    • The image of ... forms a leitmotif
  • point of view
    • The author tells the story (mainly) from the point of view of ...
    • The author uses a ... point of view ...
    • The author presents the story in a rather neutral way... which means / which leads to / which creates the effect of / which results in..
  • point of view
    • The narrator guides the reader by ... / The narrator reinforces the message by ... commenting on the ebents, e.g.... / by presenting X's thoughts on...
    • We have a ...narrator
    • ... first-person narrator
    • ...third-person limited narrator
    • ...third-person omniscient narrator
    • reliable / fallible
  • Athmosphere
    • The description of the colors / sounds / smells creates an atmosphere of…
    • The scene evokes / provokes the atmosphere of ...
    • The overall atmosphere / mood of the story is ...
  • atmosphere
    • The atmosphere in this passage may be described as ...
    • The setting contributes to a / an ... atmosphere
    • The tension is created by a conflict between ...
  • style
    The author makes use of ... / incorporates .. / combines / creates a certain atmosphere by using ...
  • style
    • everyday / colloquial language
    • formal / literary / slang expressions
    • sophisticated / concise / clear / objective / impersonal style
    • complex / simple sentences
    • imagery / vivid language
  • Characters
    • The main character / protagonist / hero / antagonist is a flat / round / dynamic /
    • We get to know... by ... / The protagonist is characterized as ... / His main features are ...
    • His / Her character is revealed by his / her appearance / words / feelings / behavior
    / actions / interactions with / by the author's comments on
  • character relationships
    • His / Her relationship with ... is ...
    • There is a conflict between... and ... / stands in clear contrast to ... / can be regarded as an anti-hero because
    • He / She is faces with the dilemma of ...
    • The characters are presented in a way that ...
  • Structure
    In the exposition, the action is set in motion / the theme of ... is suggested / the
    protagonist is introduced / the setting is sketched / suspense is aroused
  • structure
    • The complication arises when ...
    • ... constitutes the rising / falling action
    • The action arises / falls when ... / The story reaches its climax / crisis / turning point
    when ...
  • structure
    • The story has a surprise / sad / happy / open ending / ends in a catastrophe because ...
    • The problem is solved when ...
  • Formal letter
    • I would like to thank you in advance for your assistance.
    • llook forward to hearing from you.
  • formal letter
    • I will be glad to supply you with any further information you may require.
    • I have attached / enclosed the following documents.
  • letter to the editor
    • Dear sir or madam
    • l am writing to you in response to the article ..
    • The article ... by ... raises the question of whether...
    • I would like to congratulate you on...
  • letter to the editor
    in her article..., the author wrote about…
    i am writing to you regarding the article…
    in response to the article
  • letter to the editor
    i would like to congratulate you on the article..
    thank you for the article … which was really an eye-opener
  • Letter to the editor
    • You are absolutely right when you say .../ utterly agree with you that ...
    • I wholeheartedly agree with the author that…
    • in my opinion, the author’s stance on… is justified
  • letter to the editor
    • Although I understand why .., I cannot accept the overall conclusion that ...
    • I see the authors point, but l still feel that...
    • in my opinion, the author's stance on… is too simplified.
  • letter to the editor
    The author's stance on… is exaggerated.
    What he does not take into account/ consideration is…
    I would question the argument that ...
  • letter to the editor
    Your author overlooks the fact that..
    I am afraid the author is wrong in claiming that…
    To me, the article presents/ conveys an unrealistic picture of…
  • letter to the editor
    The author's opinion is commendable. However,…
    I must strongly protest.
    Unfortunately, the author fails to see…
  • letter to the editor
    The author succeeds in pointing out…
    I am concerned about the way the article…
    It is simply not true that…
  • letter to the editor
    Regards/ Best regards…
    • Ultimately, what matters is (that) ...
    • The question can no longer be whether .., but...
  • letter to the editor
    • dont quote
    • sign with your name and place of residence
    • Name the article you refer to at the beginning of your letter.
  • letter to the editor
    Leave out any introductory or closing remarks with which you show your politeness or personal interest. Concentrate on the point you are trying to
    make.
    formal language, but include strong statements.
  • Effect
    • Suspense is created by ...
    • The way ... is presented suggests ...
    • The author uses ... in order to ..