EXCRETORY AND CIRCULATORY

• What does the cardiovascular system deliver to cells and organs?

  Oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and substances
• What role does the cardiovascular system play during activity and stress?

  Helps the body meet demands of activity
• What is another name for the cardiovascular system?

  Circulatory system
• What is the heart?

  A muscular pumping device
• What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system?

  Transportation, protection, fluid balance, thermoregulation
• Where is the heart located?

  Between the lungs in the thoracic cavity
• How is the heart positioned in the thoracic cavity?

  Obliquely, more to the left
• What is the approximate size of the heart?

  About the size of a clenched fist
• What are the three layers of the heart?

  Endocardium, myocardium, pericardium
• What is the function of the pericardium?

  Protects the heart from friction
• What does the myocardium consist of?

  Heart muscle
• What is the role of the endocardium?

  Lines the heart and cardiac valves
• What are the four chambers of the heart?

  • Right atrium
  • Left atrium
  • Right ventricle
  • Left ventricle
• What does the right atrium do?

  Receives deoxygenated blood from the body
• How does the left atrium receive blood?

  From the lungs via pulmonary veins
• What is the function of the right ventricle?

  Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
• What does the left ventricle do?

  Pumps oxygenated blood to the body
• How is the right atrium separated from the right ventricle?

  By the tricuspid valve
• What is the structure of the right ventricle?

  Triangular chamber that pumps blood
• What are trabeculae carnae?

  Muscular rings in the right ventricle
• What prevents blood from flowing backward into the atrium?

  The tricuspid valve shuts when ventricles are full
• What are the cardiac valves made of?

  Fibrous tissue
• How do the heart valves function?

  Open and close due to blood flow and pressure
• What are the two pairs of heart valves?

  • Atrioventricular valves
  • Semilunar valves
• What are the atrioventricular valves?

  Valves between the atria and ventricles
• What are the semilunar valves?

  Valves between the ventricles and major arteries
• What sound does the closure of the valves make?

  "LUBB" and "DUB"
• What is systemic circulation?

  Carries oxygenated blood to the body
• What is pulmonary circulation?

  Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
• What is coronary circulation?

  Supplies blood to the heart muscle
• What does the superior vena cava do?

  Returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
• What does the pulmonary artery do?

  Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
• What does the pulmonary vein do?

  Returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium
• What is the main artery for systemic circulation?

  Aorta
• What is the pathway of pulmonary circulation?

  Right atrium to right ventricle to lungs
• What happens in the lungs during pulmonary circulation?

  Carbon dioxide is released, oxygen is picked up
• What is the pathway of systemic circulation?

  Left atrium to left ventricle to body
• What happens to deoxygenated blood in systemic circulation?

  It returns to the right atrium
• What is coronary circulation's primary function?

  Supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
• What are the five types of blood vessels?

  • Vein
  • Venule
  • Arteriole
  • Artery
  • Capillaries