DEVELOPMENT OF CONCRETE

• USED CLAY TO BIND SAND AND STONE INTO A SOLID, FORMED MASS

  ASSYRINS AND BABYLONIANS
• MADE FURTHER IMPROVEMENT

  GREEKS
• USED LIME MORTAR IN BUILDING THE PYRAMIDS

  EGYPTIANS
•  PRIMITIVE KILNS PAVED TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE MORTAR.

  HEATING LIMESTONE
• USED IN THE CONSTRUCTIONOF AQUEDUCTS, BRIDGES AND BUILDINGS

  ROMAN CEMENT CONCRETE
• DEVELOPED CEMENT BY MIXING SLAKED LIME WITH VOLCANIC ASH AS HYDRAULIC CEMENT

  ROMANS
• JOSEPH ASPDIN PATENTED A CEMENTING MATERIAL THAT HE PRODUCED BY BURNING LIMESTONE AND CLAY TOGETHER

  1824
• ART OF MAKING CEMENT WAS LOST NOT UNTIL 1765 THAT IT WAS USED AGAIN

  FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
• NAMED HIS PRODUCT “--------”, AFTER A PENINSULA ON THE ENGLISH COAST

  PORTLAND
• MADE IT POSSIBLE TO PRODUCE HIGH QUALITY CONCRETE AT A RELATIVELY LOW COST

  PORTLAND CEMENT
• BECAME THE DOMINATING CEMENTING MATERIAL USED IN THE CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION ABOUT ____

  1900
• USED MAINLY AS AN ABBREVIATION OF “PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE”

  CONCRETE
• IT IS A COMPOSITE MATERIAL, IT HAS A BINDING MEDIUM WHICH MAKES IT A KEY INGREDIENT

  THE CEMENTING MATERIAL
• PORTION OF THE MATERIAL BEARING PARTICLES RANGING IN SIZE FROM THE SMALLEST DUST PARTICLE ABOUT ¼ INCH IN DIAMETER

  FINE AGGREGATES
• MOST IMPORTANT INGREDIENT OF CONCRETE FOR IT BINDS THE AGGREGATE TOGETHER

  CEMENT
• THE MOST WIDELY USED BECAUSED OF ITS UNIFORMITY, REALIBILITY AND STRENGTH

  PORTLAND CEMENT
• HAVE PARTICLES RANGING FROM ¼ TO 1 ¼ INCH IN DIAMETER OR MORE

  COARSE AGGREGATES
• INERT MATERIALS THAT WHEN BOUND TOGETHER WITH CEMENT PASTE FORMS CONCRETE MORTAR OR PLASTER

  AGGREGATES
• MATERIAL THAT IS USED AS AN INGREDIENT IN CONCRETE AND IS ADDED TO THE BATCH BEFORE OR DURING ITS MIXING

  ADMIXTURE
• CLASSIFICATION OF AGGREGATES

  FINE AGGREGATES, COARSE AGGREGATES, WATER, ADMIXTURE