Organisation

• Tissue


  A group of similar cells that perform the same function.
• Organ


  different tissues working together to perform a function
• Organ systems


  A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions.
• catalyst


  A substance, which increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction
• lock and key model


  The model of the enzyme that shows the substrate fitting perfectly into the active site.
• Enzymes need


  Optimum temperature and pH, or they denature
• Carbohydrates


  Starch-> amylase-> maltose
• Amylase location


  Salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine
• Protease


  protein -> protease-> amino acid
• Protease location


  Stomach, pancreas, small intestine
• Lipase


  Lipid-> lipase-> glycerol and fatty acid
• Lipase location


  Pancreas and small intestine
• Bile


  A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles and neutralises stomach acid. Enzymes work best in alkaline conditions
• liver produces


  bile
• Gall bladder stores


  bile
• Large intestine absorbs


  Excess water
• Stomach produces


  hydrochloric acid which kills bacteria
• Benadicts test


  Test for carbohydrate

  Water baths set to 75

  Blue to green, yellow or brick red
• Biurets tests for


  proteins

  Blue to pink or purple
• Iodine


  Tests for starch

  Orangey brown to blue black
• Sudan III


  test for lipids

  Separate into two layers, the top one being red
• Lungs- alveoli


  air sacs for gas exchange

  Large surface area

  Large blood supply

  High to low concentration
• Heart


  Double secretary system

  Contracts to pump blood around the body

  Has a pacemaker, which is a group of cells in the right atrium
• Red blood cells


  Biconcave disc

  Large surface area

  No nucleus

  Contains haemoglobin
• White blood cells


  Change shape

  Phagocytes or produce antibodies

  Have a nucleus
• Platelet


  Small cell fragments that clot, the blood, a lack of them can lead to excessive bleeding or bruising
• Plasma


  Straw coloured liquid, that carries everything
• Arteries


  carry blood away from the heart under high pressure
• Veins


  Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart under low pressure
• cappilaries


  Connect veins to arteries they are one cell thick and have permeable walls
• Stents


  Keep coronary arteries open and supply the heart with blood. The arteries get blocked by fatty deposits which could lead to a heart attack. They could be complications with the surgery.
• Satins


  Reduce cholesterol in the blood reducing the formation of fatty deposits
• Statins advantages


  Reduce risk of heart attack

  Increase good cholesterol

  Prevent other diseases
• Statins disadvantages


  Have to be taken regularly

  Negative side-effects

  Time to kick in
• Artificial heart


  a pump designed to fit into the human chest cavity and perform the heart's function of pumping blood around the body
• Artificial heart advantages


  Less likely to be rejected
• Artificial heart disadvantages


  -Not as effective as regular hearts

  -Requires major surgery

  -Can wear out

  Patient has to take drugs to thin blood
• Heart valves


  Can be replaced with human mammal or mechanical valves, and it's a less drastic procedure than a heart transplant
• Artificial blood


  Salt solution, which can replace the blood it gives the patient enough time to produce more blood cells
• health


  a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity