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• Work


  An activity which requires effort, e.g. Washing the dishes at home
• Employment


  When payment is received for working, e.g. Washing dishes in a canteen and getting paid
• Employers


  People who hire workers in return for payment
• Employees


  People who work for employers
• Self-employed people


  Work for themselves
• Challenges when leaving school to start work

  • Time management
  • Money Management
  • New relationships and different roles
  • Rights
  • Responsibilities
  • Freedom and independence
  • Others
• Different Types of Work

  • Employment
  • Self-Employment
  • Voluntary work
  • Homework
  • Housework
  • Charity work
• Voluntary work


  Voluntary organisations rely on people to work for nothing e.g. St Vincent de Paul
• Voluntary work


  • It is very important to our society and has many benefits, e.g. You can help others, improve your self-esteem and acquire new skills
• Self-Employment


  Where you work for yourself, e.g. Butchers, shop owners, builders and hairdressers
• Advantages of Self-Employment


  • You're the boss
  • You keep all the profits after tax
  • You can develop a hobby
  • It's an alternative to unemployment
  • You decide your working hours
  • You make the decisions
• Disadvantages of Self-Employment


  • You have to work long hours initially
  • You alone are responsible for the business
  • No one shares any losses with you
  • There is a risk of failure
  • You have limited finance
• Permanent Full-Time Employment


  Where you have a regular income, don't have to worry about finding a job, can join the pension scheme, and have security of employment which gives independence
• Advantages of Permanent Full-Time Employment

  • Regular Income
  • Don't have to worry about finding a job
  • You can join the pension scheme
  • Easy to plan your own finances
  • Security of employment gives independence
  • Promotion prospects exist
• Disadvantages of Permanent Full-Time Employment

  • No incentive to move job
  • Work tends to be less varied
  • Less leisure/family time is available
  • Moving house becomes difficult
  • Motivation may decrease
• Part-Time Work


  Where you work a minimum of eight hours a week on a regular basis
• Methods of monitoring time-keeping for time-rate employees

  • Sign in an attendance book
  • Clock in/clock out cards
  • Personal checks
  • Video cameras
  • Scan in ID cards
• Reasons for monitoring time-keeping

  • Workers will learn to be punctual
  • Wages can be calculated accurately
  • One can check if employees are reliable
  • Checks are a must for flexitime as employees will have a range of starting times
• Contents of a Contract of Employment

  • Employers name and address
  • Employees name and address
  • Job Title
  • Job Description
  • Date of commencement
  • Salary
  • Holiday entitlements
  • Duration of contract
  • Pension arrangements
• Reasons for Unemployment


  • Closure of a business
  • Change in the economy
  • Improvements in technology
• Training Schemes for the Unemployed

  • FAS
  • Community Enterprise Scheme (CES)
  • Failte Ireland
  • VTOS Courses (Vocational Training Opportunities Scheme)
• Services provided by Solas Employment Services

  • Initial guidance interviews to help build up your profile
  • Career information including guidance, planning and support
  • Advice on employment incentives e.g. Assistance for disabilities
  • Information on Solas programmes and training
  • Access to a wide range of job vacancy information
  • They can submit your details to employers with suitable vacancies
• Financial Assistance to the Unemployed

  • Jobseekers Benefit
  • Jobseekers Allowance
  • Family Income Supplement (FIS)
  • Revenue Job Assist
  • Part-time Job Incentive Scheme
  • Back to Work Enterprise Allowance
  • Back to Education Allowance
• Changes in Employment


  • Employees change jobs and careers many times during their life
  • More people work from home
  • Changes in technology means the types of jobs are changing
  • More people are working part-time/job-sharing and working flexitime
  • More people are opting for self-employment
  • More people are working in services and trades
  • There are changes in economic activities
• Economic Activities


  • Primary - agriculture, fishing, forestry and mining
  • Secondary - manufacturing and construction
  • Tertiary (Services) - financial, transport, legal and medical
• Employee Rights


  • Receive a minimum wage
  • Have a safe place to work
  • Join a trade union
  • Be treated in an equal
  • Get the correct holidays
• Employee Responsibilities


  • Be honest and trustworthy
  • An honest/fair days work
  • Protect the employers good name and property
  • Work as part of a team
• Employer Rights

  • Set up a business
  • Decide on the aims and objective of their organisation
  • Select suitable staff
  • Dismiss dishonest staff
  • Expect employees to honour their contract
• Employer Responsibilities

  • Provide safe and healthy working conditions
  • Obey employment laws
  • Pay agreed wages
  • Keep employee records for income tax and PRSI purposes
• Health and Safety Authority

  A State-sponsored body which promotes good standards, advice, research and information on health and safety in the workplace. It is responsible for developing new laws and standards, inspecting workplaces and investigating any accidents. They are responsible for both the employer and the employee.
• Areas of concern in the workplace

  • Bullying
  • Workplace safety
  • Sexual harassment
  • Manual handling
  • Workplace stress
• Causes of accidents in the workplace

  • Lack of training
  • Untidy/cluttered areas
  • Not following safety procedures
  • Not wearing protective clothing
  • Lack of concentration
  • Not using machinery correctly
  • Haste
  • Horseplay
• Employee Duties

  • To take reasonable care to protect the health and safety of themselves and of other people in the workplace
  • Not to engage in improper behaviour that will endanger themselves or others
  • Not to be under the influence of drink or drugs in the workplace
  • To undergo any reasonable medical or other assessment if requested to do so by the employer
  • To report any defects in the place of work or equipment which might be a danger to health and safety
  • To use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and protective clothing, if required
  • To ensure there is no bullying in the workplace
• Employer Duties

  • Provide and maintain a safe workplace which uses safe plant and equipment
  • Prevent risks from use of any article or substance and from exposure to physical agents, noise and vibration
  • Prevent any improper conduct or behaviour likely to put the safety, health and welfare of employees at risk
  • Provide instruction and training to employees on health and safety
  • Provide protective clothing and equipment to employees
  • Appointing a competent person as the organisation's Safety Officer
• Trade Unions


  Organisations of workers to improve pay and working conditions
• Examples of Trade Unions

  • TUI
  • ASTI
  • INTO
  • IMPACT
• Functions of a Trade Union

  • Represent workers e.g. Negotiate for improved wages
  • Negotiate for improved working conditions e.g. Holidays
  • Negotiate on behalf of employees when disputes with employers
  • Provide grants for education
  • Support and promote equality in the workplace
  • Give workers greater strength by uniting them
• Shop Steward

  Elected by workers to act as their union representative in the workplace, recruiting new members, keeping members informed, representing workers in discussions with management, and acting as a link between union head office and the workplace
• IBEC - Irish Business and Employers Confederation

  An organisation which represents employers and businesses
• Qualities for employment

  • Energy, drive and hard work
  • Reliability
  • Enthusiasm and commitment
  • Adaptability
  • Good education