chapter 5

• mutawwa is considered informal education
• the mutawwa did not recieve a salary.
• the Mutawa conducted lessons either in their own residences or in establishments such as shops or mosques.
• between 1903 and 1953 a significanr in education took place when pearl merchants (tawaweesh) in the region were influenced by the waves of Arabian reform and awakening.
• the modern systematic education took place from 1953 - 1971
• kuwait 


  Ras Al Khaimah 1954
• Egypt


  Sharjah, later in Dubai
• Qatar


  Dubai, later in Sharjah
• Bahrain


  Sharjah
• Jordan


  Abu Dhabi took a pioneering role in kindergarten education in 1967
• In 1972 elementary schools could only accomodate 40% of the children
• In 1975, the literacy rate among men was 54.2%, while for women it was 30.3%. By 1998 literacy rates reached 73.4% for men and 77.1% for women.
• The United Arab University in Al Ain was the first university in the UAE inaugurated by Sheikh Zayed in 1976.
• Ajman University was the first private university in the country and was established in 1998.
• There are 33 universities in the UAE.
• Before the pandemic, the UAE already had Hamdan University which offered online classes.