Childcare and Development

• Cognitive milestones for 0-3

  Can identify their own reflection - toys with mirrors

  Can sort shapes and colours - shape sorting toys
• Physical milestones for 0-3

  Can climb - garden chute

  Can hold a chunky pencil or crayon - mark making drawings
• Social milestones for 0-3

  Can interact with others - roll a ball back and forward

  Copies adults - sing a song with directions (head shoulders knees and toes)
• Emotional milestones for 0-3

  Can show extremes in behaviour - introduce timeouts

  Can name different feelings - identify and talk about feelings as they display themselves
• Linguistic milestones for 0-3

  Repeats words and phrases - choose toys that talk

  Can identify familiar objects - read books and ask the child to identify objects
• Cognitive milestones for 3-5

  Skilled at using symbols and pretending - imaginative play (role play games)

  Improved memory - hide the object game
• Physical milestones for 3-5

  Can hold a spoon or fork - providing cutlery and insisting its use at meal times

  Improved coordination to pedal - bike with stabilisers
• Social milestones for 3-5

  Wants to play with others - social games like tig

  Able to wait to take their turn - turn taking games like snap
• Emotional milestones for 3-5

  Can depict or act out different emotions - role play games (families)

  Can identify emotions in others - read books and identify emotions
• Linguistic milestones for 3-5

  Listen and identify sounds - go on a nature walk and ask the child to identify sounds

  Identify objects by their first letter - use flash cards (A is for...)
• Cognitive milestones for 5-8

  Developed logical thinking - jigsaw puzzles

  Can understand concept of time - children's analog wrist watch
• Physical milestones for 5-8

  Improved hand eye coordination to use scissors - making a collage

  Improved centre of gravity - riding a scooter
• Social milestones for 5-8

  Can cooperate as a member of a group - joining brownies

  Work with others towards the same goal - team scavenger hunt
• Emotional milestones for 5-8


  Less egocentric - role play activities

  Can show sympathy for others - visit animal shelters
• Linguistic milestones for 5-8

  Stories are longer and more detailed - making up their own bedtime story

  Can make new words by putting two words they know together - compound word dominoes
• Cognitive milestones for 8-12


  Losing egocentrism - drama club

  Logical thought develops - riddles
• Physical milestones for 8-12

  Beginning puberty - talk openly about changes

  Improved coordination to master dance moves - join a dance class
• Social milestones for 8-12

  Can read facial expressions and body language - take notice of body languages and facial expressions of others

  Can listen to other people's point of view - problem solve situations to make others feel better
• Emotional milestones for 8-12

  Can describe their feelings - talk about how their day has gone with family

  Can be influenced by peer pressure - consider positive and negative influences of peers before making decisions
• Linguistic milestones for 8-12

  Listening skills have developed - paying attention and listening in class

  Can comprehend what they are reading - comprehension tasks with their reading
• Cognitive milestones for 12-16

  Can think abstractly - going to an escape room

  Can consider many points of view - join a debating club
• Physical milestones for 12-16

  Usually has found and enjoys specific sporting hobbies - join a club they have an interest in

  Adult height achieved - measure height on a regular basis
• Social milestones for 12-16

  Show more independence - plan data out with friends

  Form their own identity - choose their own clothes
• Emotional milestones for 12-16

  Can go back and forward between high expectations and lack of confidence - talk about their feelings

  Can feel sadness or depression - mindfulness apps
• Linguistic milestones for 12-16

  Understands metaphors and similes - creative writing

  Can summarise information from text - revision for tests
• Describe the an appropriate method for assessing children aged 0-3 (3 marks)

  L: An appropriate method for assessing children aged 0 - 3 years is

  F: a red book which is given to new parents and is a paper based health record, the parent can use the book to log developmental milestones including when the child says their first word, takes their first steps etc (1 mark)

  D: The red book can be used by the GP or the Health visitor to record the baby's weight and height (1 mark)

  D: if the professional has any concerns about the child's physical development they would highlight these to the parent and give advice on how to rectify the issue i.e. changing the child's formula to increase weight if they are underweight (1 mark)
• Evaluate one assessment method appropriate for a child aged 0-3 years (4 marks)

  F: the red book is used as a method of assessment for a child aged 0 - 3 years nationally

  O: this is good

  C: So if the family relocates to a different part of the country the information in the red book would be valid and able to be used. (1 mark)

  D: The health visitor will be confident that the information in the red book is accurate no matter where it is used in the country. (1 mark)

  
  

  F: the red book is a paper based record of a child's health, growth and development.

  O: this is bad

  C: as the information in the book can be lost as it is not recorded digitally. (1 mark)

  D:if the book was digital reminders could be set to prompt the parent or health visitor to complete the sections of the book so no information is missed. (1 mark)
• Describe one assessment method appropriate for a child aged 3-5 years

  L) A method of assessing a 3-3 year old is a Learning Journey

  F) A learning journey is used in early years settings to record a child's learning and development, throughout their time at nursery.

  D) This will include observations made by the keyworker and other nursery practitioners like annotated photographs, snapshots of significant achievements and quotes from the child.

  D) they allow for ongoing assessment over periods of time to form a detailed picture of the child's progress.
• Evaluate one assessment method appropriate for a child aged 3-5 years (4 marks)

  F) Learning journeys record the story of a child's development and are an essential way to mark the milestones and achievements of children in early years.

  O) Learning journeys are a suitable method of assessing a child's development.

  C) as it will build a unique picture of what each child knows, feels and can do as well as their particular interests and learning style.

  C) Learning journals not only provide evidence to support planning for individual learning needs, but they're also a sweet keepsake for parents.

  
  

  F) A learning journey will encourage children to engage and be more active in the process of recording their learning

  O) this is suitable

  C) as each child will have their own learning journey where staff, children, parents and professionals can contribute

  C) these allow for ongoing assessment over periods of time to form a detailed picture of the child's progress.
• Describe one assessment method appropriate for a child aged 5-8 years

  L) A method of assessing a 5-8 year old is a diagnostic test

  F) A diagnostic test is used in early years to tests for autism or ADHD

  D) It is extremely important to recognise these problems at an early age because the right treatment and training can be given to reduce the effect of the disability.
• Evaluate one assessment method appropriate for a child aged 5-8 years (4 marks)

  F: An appropriate method of assessment for a child aged 5-8 years is diagnostic tests for autism or ADHD when the teacher identifies traits of these conditions

  O: This is suitable

  C: as the child will be able to access appropriate support if the condition is diagnosed

  D: for example, those showing traits of autism may be offered a quiet space by the teacher

  D: so the child will be able to feel calm and return to the work of the class

  
  

  F: An appropriate method of assessment for a child aged 5-8 years is diagnostic tests for autism or ADHD

  O: this could be bad

  C: as the parent may not agree with the teachers observations and may be offended

  D: so the child may not receive the support they require if their diagnosis is missed
• Describe one assessment method appropriate for a child aged 8-12 years

  L: One method of assessing child development is

  F: formative assessments such as Two stars and a wish

  D: used by teachers as the pupil can quickly identify 2 positives about their understanding of the lesson and 1 thing they need to work on

  D: this highlights what they feel they need to work on to make progress in their learning.
• Evaluate one assessment method appropriate for a child aged 8-12 years (4 marks)

  F: Formative assessments are a suitable method of assessment for a child aged 5 - 8 years as they are regular, informal assessments used by teachers to assess student understanding

  O: This is a suitable method of assessment

  C: as the results can be used to improve instruction and understanding while it's happening

  
  

  F: Formative assessments provide regular, timely feedback on what the child has done well and what they need improvement on

  O: This is a suitable method of assessment

  C: as the child will be told what they need to do to improve

  
  

  F: Formative assessments can take a variety of forms such as informal quizzes such as blooket

  O: This is a suitable method of assessment

  C: as the child will enjoy taking part in the quiz but will highlight to the teacher gaps in the pupils knowledge

  
  

  F: To be effective formative assessment needs to take place on a daily basis during teaching and learning

  O: This is an unsuitable method of assessment

  C: as the teacher must be prepared and have factored the assessment into the timing of their lessons, they may not be able to assess regularly enough
• Describe one assessment method appropriate for a child aged 12-16 years

  L: A method of assessing a 12-16 year old is

  F: a summative assessments which is any method of evaluation performed at the end of a unit or term

  D: this allows teachers to measure a child's understanding against standardised criteria.

  D: they are a method of gathering evidence of pupil achievement and understanding

  D: the child will usually receive whether a letter or number grade, telling them how well they are performing.
• Evaluate one assessment method appropriate for a child aged 12-16 years (4 marks)

  F: While summative assessments are typically conducted at the end of a unit or term, they still offer valuable feedback to both students and teachers.

  O: this is good

  C: as Students can identify areas where they need to improve for next year, and teachers can adjust their teaching methods accordingly.

  
  

  F: Grades obtained from summative assessments can be important for students' future academic pursuits or career opportunities.

  O: this is suitable

  C: as they provide a tangible record of achievement that can be used for college applications, job interviews, or other endeavors.

  
  

  F: Summative assessments are typically conducted at the end of a learning period, which means that feedback may come too late to make immediate improvements.

  O: this is bad

  C: as it can be especially challenging for students who struggle with certain concepts and would benefit from more timely feedback.

  
  

  F: The high-stakes nature of summative assessments, particularly when they contribute significantly to final grades, can create stress and anxiety for students.

  O: this is bad

  C: as this pressure may not always be conducive to effective learning and can negatively impact students' well-being.
• Explain two cultural influences that affect the holistic development of children and young people.

  F: Cultural practices and traditions, such as religious rituals, festivals, and ceremonies, play an important role in children's socialization and identity formation.

  C: as participating in cultural rituals and celebrations helps children develop a sense of belonging, pride, and connection to their cultural heritage, promoting emotional development

  C: These experiences also provide opportunities for learning about cultural values, history, and traditions, encouraging cognitive development

  C: These beliefs and values influence various aspects of children's lives, including their socialization, identity formation, and worldview.

  
  

  F: Language is a fundamental aspect of culture and identity. The language(s) spoken within a cultural group not only serves as a means of communication but also reflects cultural values, worldview, and social norms.

  C: as Children learn language and communication skills within the context of their culture, absorbing cultural nuances, idioms, and expressions, encouraging linguistic development.

  C: Language also influences cognitive development, as it shapes how children perceive and interpret the world around them.

  C: Moreover, multilingualism is common in many cultural contexts, and exposure to multiple languages can enhance children's cognitive flexibility and intercultural emotional competence.
• Explain two economic influences that affect the holistic development of children and young people.

  F: Economic factors can shape children's educational experiences and outcomes. Families with higher incomes may afford private schooling, tutoring services, and enrichment activities

  C: so these enhance children's academic performance improving cognitive development

  C: these children will also have access as nutritious food, safe housing, quality healthcare, improving physical development

  
  

  F: Economic stability can contribute to a supportive family environment that promotes children's holistic development.

  C: as Families with adequate financial resources may afford extracurricular activities, community programs, and cultural experiences that enrich children's social, emotional, and cognitive development.

  C: this also allows parents to prioritize quality time with their children, engage in positive parent-child interactions, and provide emotional support and guidance.

  C: These supportive family environments foster resilience, self-esteem, and healthy relationships, which are essential for children's overall well-being and development.
• Explain two social influences that affect the holistic development of children and young people.

  F: One social influence that affects the holistic development of children and young people is having a large family size. The interactions and relationships between siblings can significantly impact a child's development.

  C: as positive sibling relationships can provide emotional support, companionship, and opportunities to encourage social development

  C: Siblings may teach each other important skills such as cooperation, communication, and conflict resolution.

  C: However, sibling relationships can also be characterized by rivalry, jealousy, and competition, which may negatively affect a child's self-esteem and well-being (emotional development)

  
  

  F: Attachment to caregivers, particularly parents, is fundamental for children's socioemotional development.

  C: as secure attachment provides children with a safe and supportive base from which to explore the world and develop relationships with others.

  C: Children who have secure attachments with their parents tend to have higher self-esteem, better emotional regulation, and healthier relationships with peers and adults.
• Explain two technological influences that affect the holistic development of children and young people.

  F: Technology provides children and young people with access to a vast array of information and educational resources.

  C: as Online platforms, educational apps, and digital libraries offer opportunities for self-directed learning, exploration, and skill development across diverse subjects and interests

  C: Digital media can enhance children's cognitive development by stimulating curiosity, problem-solving skills, and critical thinking abilities.

  C: children can learn dance moves or how to help with thoughts of depression or anxiety helping promote emotional development

  
  

  F: Technology provides platforms for social networking and online communication, allowing children and young people to connect with peers, family members, and communities globally.

  C: as Social media platforms, messaging apps, and online gaming communities offer opportunities for socialization, collaboration, and sharing experiences.

  C: Digital socialization can enhance children's social skills, empathy, and cultural awareness, as they interact with diverse individuals and perspectives.
• Explain two genetic influences that affect the holistic development of children and young people.

  F: Genetics heavily influence various physical characteristics like a child's body shape and physical development, including skin/hair/eye color

  C: this can impact their body image and self-esteem affecting emotional development

  C: as Society's beauty standards often influence how children perceive themselves and others. Positive reinforcement and acceptance of diverse body types and appearances can foster healthy body image and self-esteem.

  
  

  F: Genetic factors, including blood group and potential for growth, can influence a child's susceptibility to certain health conditions and overall well-being affecting physical development

  C: Understanding genetic predispositions can inform others to be mindful of what they are saying and how they talk to those affected encouraging social and emotional development