Cells

• All living things are made of cells
• Cells


  The building blocks of every organism on the planet
• Organisms


  • Can be Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes
• Cells can be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic
• Eukaryotic cells


  Complex and include all animal and plant cells
• Prokaryotic cells


  Smaller and simpler, e.g. bacteria
• Eukaryotes are organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells
• A prokaryote is a prokaryotic cell (it's a single-celled organism)
• Subcellular structures in animal cells


  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Ribosomes
• Nucleus


  • Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
• Mitochondria


  • Where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place
• Cytoplasm


  • Gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen, contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions
• Cell membrane


  • Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
• Ribosomes


  • Where proteins are made in the cell
• Additional structures in plant cells


  • Rigid cell wall
  • Permanent vacuole
  • Chloroplasts
• Rigid cell wall


  • Made of cellulose, supports and strengthens the cell
• Permanent vacuole


  • Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts
• Chloroplasts


  • Where photosynthesis occurs, contain chlorophyll which absorbs light needed for photosynthesis
• Bacterial cells don't have a 'true' nucleus, instead they have a single circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm
• Bacteria may also contain one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids
• Bacteria don't have chloroplasts or mitochondria