1890-1912 Economic and Social Change

• impact of the panic of 1893


  - decrease British investment

  - 74 railroads failed

  - 15,000 commercial institutions failed

  - 600 banks failed

  - agriculture worse off e.g. bushel of wheat from 50c to 21c
• impact of Panic of 1907


  - 3rd largest trust, Knickebocker collapsed

  - NYSE decreased 50%

  - led to federal reserve later to prevent later panics
• % increase in manufacturing 1895-1900


  95%
• 1910 Iron and Steel world share


  26.5% (higher than Britain and Germany combined)
• how many tons of steel produced per year in 1900s


  31.5 mil tons
• NYC pop. 1890-1910


  doubled
• by 1900 how many cities had 100,000+ pop.


  38
• Areas with large oil fields

  Oklahoma, California, Texas
• how many barrels of oil produced a day in 1914


  3 mil
• Wheat production share 1880 vs 1900

  1880 = 19% (GB had 5%)

  1900 = 25% (GB had 2%)
• Homestead Strike


  1892

  - militant strike

  - 8,500 national guards sent in

  - many workers ended up with 60% of their old wage
• Pullman Strike


  1894

  - wage cuts led to protests

  - 4 protesters killed
• 1895 AFL members


  250,000
• 1903 United Mine Workers members


  250,000
• in ..... AAs owned ...% of Southern acreage

  1900 25%
• NAACP formed


  1909
• National Union League formed

  1910
• in ........ AAs owned ........ million acres of land

  1910 16-19 million acres
• in ...... foreign manufacturers made up ....% of the work force

  1890 56%
• Ellis Island centre opened


  1892
• how many immigrants returned home

  1 in 3
• what proportion of Jewish male immigrants were skilled workers

  2/3
• 1900-1909 number of immigrants


  8,200,000
• Triangle Shirtwaist Factory


  1911

  - 146 women killed while locked into the burning building (brought attention to poor working conditions)
• how many Italian-Americans were lynched in 1891


  11
• Dupont controlled ...% of US electricity

  85%
• how many companies owned 57% of US industry in 1904


  45
• US became a net exporter by 


  1913
• Production line (Ford)


  took 1 day to make a car (14 in GB)
• who financed the economy during panics of 1893 and 1907

  JP Morgan and other Wall St bankers