AC 4.2 Explain how Social Changes Effect Policy Development

• What are values?

  general guidelines about how we should live our lives. They tell us what is right and wrong, good and bad
• What are norms?

  specific social standards about how we are expected to behave in society.
• What are mores?

  societies most important rules for maintaining civilized behavior.
• give an example of a more

  not committing murder
• give an example of a norm

  not queue jumping
• give an example of a value

  good hygiene
• What are the three social changes that impact policy development?

  public perception, demographic changes and cultural changes
• what two public perceptions of crime have changed over time?

  smoking and drink driving
• what was the public perception of smoking like in the past?

  smoking was tolerated and even encouraged by doctors. Doctors would often appear in adverts, such as Camel's cigarette's. There were no restrictions of were you could smoke.
• what was the social change around smoking?

  1964 - Surgeon General's Report on smoking was published showing a link between smoking and lung cancer. Public perception around tobacco became negative and doctors stopped appearing in smoking adverts.
• what policies was introduced after public perception around smoking changed?

  2003 - advertising ban on smoking

  Health Act of 2007 - all enclosed work and public places became smoke free.
• what was the public perception of drink driving like in the past?

  generally accepted in society and media presented adverts against it in a comedic light. It was not seen as a serious offence.
• what was the social change surrounding the public perception of drink driving?

  ownership of cars increased, resulting to more deaths. Additionally, campaigns raised awareness on drink driving and put pressure on the gvt to change policies. Furthermore, adverts became more serious and highlighted the risks, using graphic images.
• what policies changed as a result of the public perception of drink driving changed?

  1967 Road Safety Act - made it an offence to drive with a blood alcohol conc over 80 mg of alcohol per 100ml of blood.

  1967- Breathalyzers also introduced.
• what cultural change happened surrounding crime?

  homosexuality/LGBTQ rights
• What were cultural views towards homosexuality like in the past?

  In the past men could be imprisoned or even given the death penalty for homosexuality
• what was the social change surrounding the cultural change of homosexuality?

  homosexuality was becoming more accepted in society as societies have become more secular and so people do not fear/believe in god anymore. Discrimination against homosexuality is no longer socially acceptable.
• what policies have changed as a result of the cultural change surrounding homosexuality?

  1967- Sexual Offences Act decriminalized homosexuality between two men, 21+, in private.

  2010- Equality Act - can't discriminate against someone due to their sexual orientation.
• What is an example of a demographic change?

  immigration/racism
• what were demographic views towards immigration/racism like in the past?

  in 1945 there were less than 20,000 non-white residents in the UK. In the 50s and 60s many immigrants came as a part of the wind rush generation in search of economic opportunities.
• what was the social change that occurred as a result of demographic changes surrounding immigration/racism?

  UK's demographic has changed to multi-ethnic one. As a result of this, there was been a decline in prejudice towards ethnic minorities and more people see hate crimes as criminal offences
• What polices have been introduced as a result of demographic changes?

  1976 - Race Relations Act - made it illegal to discriminate on someone based on their ethnicity, race, nationality etc.

  2010- Equality Act - laws on all forms of discriminations.