imperialism!

• Imperialism


  Extension of one nation's power over other lands
• European mentality of the time

  • More colonies = better nation
  • Racist mentality
• "New imperialism"

  19th-century trend where European nations aimed for direct control over large areas
• Imperialism was justified for most of the 19th and 20th centuries
• After: realized it was one-sided conflict & immoral
• Imperialism was more one sided bc of industrial advancements
• Imperialism mostly happened within 30 years (in africa)
• Motivations for imperialism


  • Economic
  • National Rivalry
  • Human Nature
  • Humanitarian
• Economic motivations


  • Create markets for European goods
  • Acquire sources of raw materials to sell in European industries
• National Rivalry


  • Grow national pride with colonies
  • Countries were deemed weak if they had less colonies
• Human Nature


  • War is like the struggle of survival between different organisms and nations are like organisms
  • Extension of darwinism
  • Believed that the "fit" were those who survived
• Humanitarian


  • Job of the more advanced civilizations to uplift the less
  • White man's burden to civilize and educate the "ignorant" people
  • Spread capitalism
• Regions of British imperialism

  • Burma
  • Sierra Leone
  • Nigeria
  • Egypt
  • Sudan
  • East African Coast
  • South African borders
  • India
• India was directly ruled by Britain in 1880
• British administration of India

  British Parliament worked with the British Viceroy and a British Civil Service to administer a native population of nearly 300 million people
• Lord Macauley was head of education in India
• Regions of French imperialism

  • Vietnam
  • Laos
  • Annam
  • Tonkin
  • Senegal
  • Guinea
  • Gambia
  • Algeria
  • Tunisia
  • Morocco
  • Northern Congo
• In 1900, Vietnam, Laos, Annam, Tonkin = French Indochina
• Italy's imperialism


  Attempted to conquer Ethiopia but failed
• Regions of German imperialism

  • Southeast Coastal region
  • Togo
  • Cameroon
• Acronym for German colonies

  • SC T C
• Regions of Belgian imperialism

  • Belgium Congo
  • Chunks of central Africa
• Acronym for Belgian colonies

  • BC CA
• US imperialism


  The Philippines (1898)
• Portugal was also in Africa but regions not specified
• Regions not conquered in Africa: Ethiopia, Liberia
• Liberia was protected by USA's Monroe Doctrine
• Effects of imperialism


  • Colonies could not develop their own economies
  • Native lands were stripped of natural resources
  • Low wages and high taxes kept colonies poor
  • European rule created class and tribal tensions in colonies (many civil wars)
• Racism against natives was an effect of imperialism
• Tensions between Tutsi and Hutu in Rwanda under Belgian rule played a role in 1990s slaughter
• Vietnam


  Conquered by France, joined with Laos, Annam, and Tonkin into French Indochina in 1900s
• Cambodia


  A French colony that was part of French Indochina, neighboring modern-day Vietnam
• Burma


  • Region of Great Britain's imperialism, modern day Myanmar
  • After England acquired Singapore, they expanded into Burma to safeguard Indian territories and pursue terrestrial passage to China
  • Resulted in the downfall of the Burmese royal dynasty
• Saya San


  • Leader of the group that fought against the British in Burma
  • Burmese freedom fighter
  • Led a peasant nationalist revolt in 1930 against the British
• Emilio Aguinaldo


  • Leader of a movement for independence in the Philippines
  • Began revolt against Spain, continued against US after they acquired Philippines
  • Led guerrilla forces that fought bitterly against US troops to establish Philippine independence
• Asian colonies of each Zone 1 nation

  • Great Britain: Burma, India
  • France: Vietnam, Laos, Annam, Tonkin
  • United States: Philippines
• African colonies of each Zone 1 nation

  • Great Britain: Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Egypt, Sudan, East African Coast, South African borders
  • France: Senegal, Guinea, Gambia, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Northern Congo
  • Italy: Libya
  • Germany: Southeast Coastal region, Togo, Cameroon
  • Belgium: Belgium Congo, chunks of central Africa
  • Portugal: not specified but was in Africa
• Imperialism in Africa was overwhelming thanks to the European advantage of machine guns
• Previous wave of imperialism in Africa was the slave trade
• French dominated northwest Africa, area controlled was larger than the size of modern day America