HISTORY

• Little Rock, Arkansas


  1957
• Sit-ins


  1960
• Martin Luther King


  1963
• March on Washington For Jobs and Freedom

  1. Students suffered violence and racial abuse

  2. Local white people were furious

  3. The KKK burned crosses on the lawn of the Mayor of Little Rock who asked Eisenhower to get involved
• Supreme Court announced that separate schools weren't equal and were unconstitutional

  1954
• Art (Or Faubas) used National Guard to stop black children from attending school in Little Rock

  1957
• Wander Mann (forming Mayer) disagreed


  Pointed to protect black child young school
• 4 African American college students at Woolworth's refused service & were asked to leave
• 24 sit-ins


  February 2nd
• 54 sit-in-South->15 cities+ 9 states

  February 7
• The Woolworth's at Greensboro-desegregated in 1960 losing $200,000 of business of 20% of its anticipated sales
• The March on Washington called for civil + economic rights for African Americans
• March on Washington For Jobs and Freedom took place in Washington DC


  1963
• MLK: 'I have a dream'
• 200,000-300,000 participants, 75-80% were black
• The media took great interest in the Greensboro situation and the protest was fully reported around the country
• Photos of students having food poured over them at lunch counters by the opposition, had an effect on the public in Northern, Eastern and Western states
• The sit-ins did have some impact
• The March on Washington is widely credited with helping to pass the Civil Rights Act (1964) and the Voting Rights Act (1965)
• War Conference 2: Yalta, February 1945


  The 'Big Three' met to hold a second conference about how to rebuild Europe after the Second World War
• Agreements made at Yalta

  • Countries freed from the Nazis can set up democratic governments
  • Germany split into 4 zones and made to pay $20 billion
  • Soviet Union would take some of eastern Poland
  • United Nations would be set up to keep world peace
  • Soviet Union would help America to defeat Japan
• Through these agreements


  All three nations had agreed to work towards establishing democracy in Europe
• Stalin believed only communist governments could be democratic as only the communists truly represented the working people
• Roosevelt believed that democracy could only by achieved when several political parties competed to win the people's support in free elections
• War Conference 3: Potsdam, July-August 1945


  The Big Three'-the new American President Harry Truman, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (later new PM Clement Atlee attended) and Russian leader Joseph Stalin-met to hold a final conference about the government of Europe following Hitler's surrender
• Agreements at Potsdam


  • Ban the Nazi party
  • Prosecute surviving Nazis as war criminals
  • Reduce the size of Germany
  • Temporarily divide Germany into four zones allocated to France, Britain, the USA and the USSR
• Stalin had previously promised to set up a government in Poland including both capitalists and communists but had broken his word
• America had just tested the first atomic bomb, so Harry Truman was acting rather arrogantly and trying to order Stalin around
• The USSR had been developing their own nuclear weapons at the same time
• The three leaders made a show of unity, but cracks were appearing between the allies
• The march also highlighted the importance of nonviolent resistance as a means of achieving social change.