History

• What are NATO's responsibilities as an entity?

  Promoting Peace as well as Stability -> Alliance's presence and readiness have acted as a deterrent against potential adversaries, reducing the likelihood of conflict.

  Example: NATO has been leading a peace-support operation in Kosovo to deter renewed hostility and threats against Kosovo by Yugoslav and Serb forces as well as demilitarize the Kosovo Liberation Army.
• What is the United Nations' purpose in this sphere?

  It is committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights.

  Example: Objective was laid in creating a condition for the holding of free and fair elections for a Constituent Assembly in Nambia during the year 1989, which would draw up a Constitution under which the country would proceed to independence as a free and sovereign State.
• What role does the World Health Organization play universally?

  This association works worldwide to promote health, keep the world safe, and serve the vulnerable. 

  Example: Vaccines were provided to eradicate smallpox, prevalent predominantly in Asia as well as Africa
• What is OPEC's primary mission in its existence?

  OPEC's objective is to co-ordinate and unify petroleum policies among Member Countries, in order to secure fair and stable prices for petroleum producers; an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations; and a fair return on capital to those investing in the industry.

  Example: Commence large-scale domestic economic and social development programs and invested heavily overseas, particularly in the United States and Europe.
• How does the World Bank serve as an impetus to alleviate issues it has been designed to tackle?

  Its role is to reduce poverty by lending money to the governments of its poorer members to improve their economies and people's standard of living.

  Example: In Liberia, the GWSP supported the production of a  diagnostic brief that analyzes the delivery of WASH services and their central role in improving child health, human capital, and development outcomes.
• International Monetary Fund (IMF)


  An international organization that aims to achieve sustainable growth and prosperity for all of its 190 member countries
• How the IMF achieves its aims

  1. Supporting economic policies that promote financial stability and monetary cooperation

  2. Increasing productivity

  3. Job creation

  4. Economic well-being
• IMF's performance in the Asian financial crisis of 1997–98

  • The economic reforms championed by the IMF allowed the countries involved to recover quickly
  • Laid the foundation for sustained growth during the 2000s
• Solid solutions looked up to by countries for solving Climate Change

  • Carbon Pricing
  • Emissions Trading Systems (ETS)
• Carbon Pricing


  Implementing carbon pricing mechanisms such as carbon taxes or cap-and-trade systems to directly incentivize businesses and individuals to reduce their carbon emissions
• Carbon taxes


  Impose a fee on each unit of carbon dioxide emitted
• Cap-and-trade systems


  Set a limit on total emissions and allow companies to trade permits to emit within that limit
• Emissions Trading Systems (ETS)

  Allow companies to buy and sell permits to emit greenhouse gases, putting a price on emissions and incentivizing companies to find the most cost-effective ways to reduce their emissions
• Fair Wages and Labor Rights


  Enforcing labor laws, promoting fair wages, and protecting workers' rights are essential for reducing income inequality and ensuring that all individuals have access to decent work and fair compensation
• Economic Growth

  Sustained economic growth can lead to increased employment opportunities, higher incomes, and improved living standards, all of which contribute to poverty reduction
• Governments implement policies to stimulate economic growth

  1. Investments in infrastructure

  2. Investments in industry

  3. Investments in innovation
• Beneficial ways to address Food Insecurity

  • Investment in Agriculture
  • Food Waste Reduction
• Investment in Agriculture

  • Agricultural research and extension services
  • Irrigation infrastructure
  • Input subsidies
  • Aim to increase crop yields, diversify agricultural systems, and promote sustainable farming practices
• Food Waste Reduction


  • Improved storage and transportation practices
  • Food recovery and redistribution programs
  • Consumer education campaigns