B1

• Exothermic reaction


  Releases heat
• Anaerobic respiration


  Respiration without oxygen
• Anaerobic respiration


  • Produces less ATP
  • Occurs in muscles during exercise
• Aerobic respiration formula 


  Glucose + oxygen -> CO2 + water
• Aerobic respiration


  Respiration with oxygen
• Aerobic respiration


  • Produces ATP (energy)
  • Occurs in mitochondria during exercise
• Fermentation in microorganisms


  Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
• A glowing splint will relight in the presence of oxygen
• Photosynthesis


  Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose
• Photosynthesis


  • Light dependent stage
  • Light independent stage
• Light intensity increases


  Rate of photosynthesis increases
• Carbon dioxide concentration increases


  Rate of photosynthesis increases
• Photosynthesis has an optimum temperature range
• Prokaryotic cell


  Small, simple, DNA not enclosed in a nucleus
• Eukaryotic cell


  Relatively large, complex, DNA enclosed in a nucleus
• Methylene blue stains the nucleus of animal cells
• Iodine stains the nucleus of plant cells
• Electron microscopes have higher resolution but are more expensive and can only view dead specimens
• Light microscopes have lower resolution but are cheaper, easier to use, and can view live or dead specimens
• Enzymes

  Speed up reactions, each specific to a particular reaction
• Enzymes

  • Affected by temperature, pH, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration
• As temperature increases


  Reaction rate increases
• As temperature gets too high


  Enzymes may be denatured
• If pH levels are incorrect 


  Enzymes may be denatured
• Base pairings 


  A to T

  C to G
• What is DNA made up of?

  Nucleotides
• What turns carbohydrates into sugars?

  Carbohydrase
• What turns proteins into amino acids?

  Protease
• What turns lipids into fatty acids and glycerol?

  lipase
• Endothermic reaction

  Takes in heat