1 - INTRO TO BIOTECH

• What are the four basic needs addressed by biotechnology?

  Food, clothing, shelter, health and safety
• What does biotechnology encompass as a multidisciplinary field?

  All areas of life sciences
• What is a result of biotechnology?

  Organism with novel traits
• What are GMOs?

  Organisms expressing traits from foreign DNA
• What does biotechnology add to a species?

  Traits unavailable to that species
• What are the applications of biotechnology in agriculture?

  • Food, fiber, and shelter products
  • Milk production
  • New horticultural and ornamental plants
  • Wildlife and aquaculture management
• What are the applications of biotechnology in medicine?

  • Therapeutants for health maintenance
  • Biopharmaceuticals like drugs and vaccines
  • Production of vaccines, antibiotics, hormones
  • Gene therapy for hereditary material
  • Biopharming for pharmaceuticals in crops
• What is biopharming?

  Production of pharmaceuticals in cultured organisms
• How do edible vaccines work?

  Humans eat plants that produce antibodies
• What pathogens can edible vaccines immunize against?

  Diarrhea, measles, hepatitis B
• What are future health-related biotechnology products?

  1. Vaccines for herpes, hepatitis C, AIDS, malaria
  2. Engineered streptococcus mutans for tooth decay
• What is bioremediation?

  Cleanup of contaminated sites using microbes
• What is the role of indicator bacteria?

  Detect contamination in the environment
• What are some food and beverage applications of biotechnology?

  • Use of yeast in baking
  • Production of cheese, yogurt, vinegar, salami, wine, beer, sour cream, bread, sauerkraut
• What are food additives used in biotechnology?

  • Acidulants: citric and lactic acid
  • Vitamins: beta-carotene and riboflavin
  • Flavor enhancers: monosodium glutamate
  • Thickeners: xanthan gum
  • Stabilizers: dextran
• How has biotechnology impacted forensics?

  Allowed DNA fingerprinting for innocence
• What are the different branches of biotechnology?

  1. Animal Biotechnology
  2. Healthcare Biotechnology
  3. Industrial Biotechnology
  4. Aquaculture and Marine Biotechnology
  5. Environmental Biotechnology
  6. Plant Biotechnology
• What is the goal of animal biotechnology?

  To improve animal genomes for better products
• What does bST do?

  Increases milk production in cows
• What are the roles of biotechnology in efficiency and production?

  • Keep costs low for product improvement
  • Increase crop yields through resistance
• What are public concerns regarding biotechnology?

  Economics, environment, globalization, social issues, religion
• What are early biotechnological practices?

  1. Fermentation
  2. Industrial Fermentation
  3. Food Preservation
  4. Quarantines
  5. Selective Plant Breeding
• What significant events occurred in the history of biotechnology?

  • 500 BC: Chinese use moldy curds as antibiotics
  • 1797: Jenner inoculates for smallpox
  • 1919: Term biotechnology first used
  • 1941: Term genetic engineering is used
• Who discovered penicillin?

  Fleming
• What year was the term biotechnology first used?

  1919
• What year was the first vaccine developed?

  1797
• What did Mendel discover while working with peas?

  Genes
• What did Hooke discover?

  Cells
• What did Leeuwenhoek discover?

  Bacteria and protozoa
• What did Pasteur prove about yeast?

  They are living organisms
• What did the Greeks practice around 250 BC?

  Crop rotation
• What did the Chinese use powdered chrysanthemums for?

  Insecticide
• What is the significance of the year 1590 in biotechnology?

  Janssen invented the microscope
• What is the significance of the year 1863 in biotechnology?

  Mendel discovered genes
• What is the significance of the year 1928 in biotechnology?

  Fleming discovered penicillin
• What is the significance of the year 1941 in biotechnology?

  Term genetic engineering is used
• What is the significance of the year 1906 in biotechnology?

  Term genetics is used
• What is the significance of the year 1902 in biotechnology?

  Term immunology is first used
• What is the significance of the year 1888 in biotechnology?

  Waldyer discovered chromosomes
• What is the significance of the year 1883 in biotechnology?

  Development of rabies vaccine