4 - MEDICINE AND AGRICULTURE

• What has biotechnology revolutionized in healthcare?

  Tools for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment
• What are the main applications of medical biotechnology?

  • Vaccines
  • Gene therapy
  • Personalized medicine
  • Stem cell therapy
• What do traditional vaccines use?

  Weakened or killed pathogens
• What are recombinant subunit vaccines?

  Vaccines using specific proteins or antigens
• How do mRNA vaccines work?

  They encode viral proteins for immunity
• What are the advantages of modern vaccines?

  Faster development, high safety, scalable manufacturing
• What is gene therapy?

  Correcting defective genes responsible for disease
• What is gene replacement?

  Inserting a functional gene to replace a defective one
• What is gene editing?

  Using tools like CRISPR-Cas9 to repair mutations
• What is personalized medicine?

  Tailoring treatment based on genomic information
• What is pharmacogenomics?

  Using genetic testing to predict drug responses
• How can trastuzumab (Herceptin) be used in treatment?

  Targets HER2 receptors in breast cancer
• What can stem cells differentiate into?

  Specialized cells
• What are applications of stem cell therapy?

  Regenerating damaged tissues and treating disorders
• What are the main benefits of agricultural biotechnology?

  • Improvements in crop yield
  • Enhanced resistance to pests and diseases
  • Increased sustainability in farming practices
• What are GMOs?

  Crops with inserted genes for desired traits
• What is Golden Rice engineered to produce?

  Beta-carotene
• What is precision agriculture?

  Use of biotechnology and digital tools for farming
• How is CRISPR used in agriculture?

  To produce drought-resistant crops