6.5

• Functional zonation


  The idea that portions of an urban area - regions, or zones, within the city - have specific and distinct purposes
• central business district(CBD) - commercial heart of a city
• bid rent theory - explains agricultural land use, just as it helps explain land use in central business districts
• commensal relationship - commercial interests benefit each other
• residential zones - areas where people live
• concentric zone model - a city as a series of rings that surrounds a central business district
• sector/Hoyts model: economist Homer Hoyt described how different types of land use and housing were all located near the CBD early in a city’s history
• Harris and Ulmen multiple-nuclei model - suggests that function al donation occurred around multiple centers(nodes)
• peripheral model - describes suburban neighborhoods surrounding an inner city and served by nodes of commercial activity along a ring road or beltway
• galactic city model - an original CBD became surrounded by a system of smaller nodes that mimicked its function
• citadel - a fort designed to protect the city, with its related palace and barracks for soldiers
• Latin American cities


  • Two-part CBD at the center of the city - a traditional market center adjacent to a modern high-rise center
  • Most desirable housing located next to the developed center of the city
  • High-quality housing extends outward from the urban core
  • Accompanied by a commercial spine of development
  • Theaters, restaurants, parks, and other amenities located along this spine or corridor
  • Spine ends in a growing secondary center also called a mall
• pericérico - outer ring of the city
• shantytowns - areas of poorly built housing
• favelasa/barrios - neighborhoods marked by extreme poverty, homelessness, and lawlessness
• disamenity zones - areas not connected to city services and under the control of criminal
• traditional CBD - has small shops clustered along narrow, twisting streets
• colonial CBD - broad, straight avenues and large homes, parks, and administrative centers
• informal economy zone

  • thrives with curbside, car-side, and stall-based businesses that hire people temporarily and do not follow all regulations

  • this zone also includes periodic markets, where small-scale merchants congregate weekly or yearly to sell their goods
• informal/squatter settlements - often lack sufficient public services for electricity, water, and sewage
• McGee model - describes the land use of many large cities in southeast asia, where the focus of the modern city is often a former colonial port zone