Social Relationships in Middle and Late Adolescence

• PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP - is the degree of intimacy and vulnerability we offer to other people.
• SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP - we learn to cooperate with others in achieving a common objective.
• SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP - Are broadly defined as any relationship or interaction between two or more individuals.
• SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP - Formally established for the betterment of society and individuals and may demand certain levels of loyalty.
• social influence - things such as behavior, actions attitude, concepts, ideas, communications, wealth, and other resources that bring about changes in the beliefs, attitudes, and/or behaviors of persons as a result of persons
• Rashotte defined social influence
• Relationships that influence an adolescent

  • The parental relationships
  • The peers
  • The community society and culture
• The parental relationships - when children go through puberty, there is often a significant increase in parent-child conflict and a decrease in cohesive familial bonding.

  Adolescents who have a good relationship with their parents are less likely to engage in various risky behaviors, such as smoking, drinking,and unprotected sex.
• The peers - As adolescents work to form their identities, they pull away from their parents, and the peer group becomes very important.
• Positive influence - develop social skills,academic motivation, and performance
• Negative influence - PEER PRESSURE
• Culture is LEARNED and socially SHARED
• HERBERT KELMAN - a Harvard psychologist
• SEVERAL VARIETIES OF SOCIAL INFLUENCE

  • COMPLIANCE
  • IDENTIFICATION
  • INTERNALIZATION
• COMPLIANCE - Is when a person seems to agree and follows what is requested or required of him or her to do or believe in, but does not necessarily have to really believe or agree to it.
• IDENTIFICATION - Is when a person is influenced by someone he or she likes or looks up to like a movie star, a social celebrity or a superhero.
• INTERNALIZATION - Is when a person is able to own a certain belief or act, and is willing to make it known publicly and privately
• OTHER TYPES OF SOCIAL INFLUENCE:

  • CONFORMITY
  • CONVERSION
  • MINORITY INFLUENCE
  • REACTANCE
  • OBEDIENCE
  • PERSUASION
• CONFORMITY - A type of social influence that involve a change in behavior, belief, or thinking to be like others. It is the most common and pervasive form of social influence.
• Social Psychology research in conformity tends to distinguish between two varieties: information conformity (internalization in Kelman’s theory term) and normative conformity (compliance in Kelman’s term)
• CONVERSION - Occurs when an individual whole-heartedly changes his or her original thinking and beliefs, actions and attitudes to align with those of the other members of a group
• MINORITY INFLUENCE - Happens when a bigger number of people are influenced by much smaller number or people and when the minority’s way of looking at and doing things are accepted
• REACTANCE - Is when there is a willing rejection of a social influence being exerted on an individual or group.
• REACTANCE - This is also known as anti-or non-conformity.
• REACTANCE - Is a reverse reaction to some social influence that is being imposed by a person or a group on another.
• OBEDIENCE - Is another form of social influence wherein a person follows what some one tells him or her to do although it may not necessarily reflect the person’s set of beliefs or values.
• OBEDIENCE - Similar to compliance, this usually stems from either respect or fear of the authority figure.
• PERSUASION - Is used by one person or group to influence another to change their beliefs, action, or attitudes by appealing to reason or emotion.
• According to Hogg and Vaughan (2011), the person who influences you has the power to change you because you tend to imitate some of his or her personality traits.
• Social Relationships in Middle and Late Adolescence - According to Hogg and Vaughan ( 2011 ) , the person who influences you has the power to change you because you tend to imitate some of his or her personality traits. Such power is referent power, or identification with, attraction to, or respect for the source of influence.
• LEADERSHIP - The action of leading a group of people or an organization.
• Chester Barnard (1983) defined leadership as the ability of a person in position of authority to influence others to behave in such a manner that goals are achieve
• leadership - is the ability of a person in position of authority to influence others to behave in such a manner that goals are achieve
• LEADERSHIP - is a relationship among leaders and followers , which is influential in effecting change and realizing common goals.
• Leadership - involves creating change , which should be substantive to arrive at an outcome that both leaders and followers worked for.
• LEADER - Often typecast as someone who is the head of a group of people by virtue of having great strength and wisdom, or may have inherited a position of power even if strength and wisdom were not part of his person’s.
• Three leadership styles:

  • Autocratic Leadership
  • Laissez-Faire Leadership
  • Democratic Leadership
• Autocratic Leadership - This leadership styles centralizes in authority.
• Autocratic Leadership - This leader derives from the position, control rewards , and uses coercion to make his or her group members follow.
• Autocratic Leadership - He or she is all of and focuses exclusively on the task at hand.