PER DEV

• Adolescence


  A stage of self-discovery
• Self-concept


  Everything that you know about yourself
• 3 essential components of self-concept

  • Physical characteristics
  • Personality traits
  • Social identity
• Self-complexity


  Different ways in which you think about yourself
• Self-esteem


  The value you put on what you know about yourself
• Self-worth


  How much you value yourself
• Self-efficacy


  The belief and confidence that you can accomplish tasks and control your environment
• Charles Horton Cooley


  • Popularized the concept of looking glass self
  • Theorizes that people around you serve as mirrors that reflect how you see yourself
• Self-awareness


  The ability to know yourself extensively (e.g. knowing your inner state and how you think)
• Shelly Duval and Robert Wicklund

  • Self-awareness theory
  • When you focus on yourself, there is the tendency to compare what you currently observe to the standards you set for yourself
  • If there is a mismatch between ideal self and actual self, this may become a source of distress to you and your self-esteem
• Self-discrepancy theory


  If the ideal self is consistent with the actual self, you react positively
• Self-concept clarity


  Having high self-concept clarity helps you and your desire to become self-aware by providing a more stable view of your positive traits
• 2 types of self-awareness

  • Internal self-awareness
  • External self-awareness

  
• Dr. Tasha Eurich


  • Her study for the Harvard Business Review shows four types of individuals and how you exhibit internal and external self-awareness
• High self-individual


  An individual who is well aware of his strengths and weaknesses
• Steps to Self-Awareness


  • Ask yourself why
  • Delay gratification
  • Take feedback constructively
  • Let go of biases
  • Use tools to know yourself
  • Reflect often
• Individual differences


  Refers to the differences and similarities among people in a psychological way
• Demographics


  The statistical characteristics of people like age, gender, religion or socioeconomic status
• Social Learning Theory


  • Was proposed by Albert Bandura
  • According to him, people learn from each other through observation, modeling and imitation
• Conditions for Effective Modeling

  • Attention
  • Retention
  • Reproduction
  • Motivation
• Reciprocal Determinism


  When a certain behavior is imitated by another, this can cause a chain reaction in which other people will begin to imitate this behavior until it becomes a habit or accepted by many
• Different Strategies for Social Learning

  • Discussions
  • Photos
  • Audio
  • Video
• Journal as Tools of Self-Reflection


  • Helps in boosting your performance and productivity
  • One way of venting safely
  • Enhances creativity
  • Recording good ideas
  • Habit formation
  • Mental health tool
• Blogging and vlogging


  Both used to keep track of one's activities
• Holistic Development


  An adolescent is constantly changing
• Holism


  According to General Jan C. Smuts, it is the tendency in nature to form wholes which are greater than the sum of the parts through creative evolution
• Five Areas of Personal Development

  • Physiological Development
  • Cognitive Development
  • Social and Emotional Development
  • Spiritual Development
  • Psychological Development
• Cognition


  According to the American Psychological Association, are the processes of knowing (e.g. remembering, attending and reasoning)
• Attitude


  One of the aspects that is influenced by mental skills
• The Elements of Attitude

  • Cognitive
  • Affective
  • Behavioral
• Emotions


  Responses that create biochemical reactions in the body
• Feelings


  Mental reactions and associations to emotions
• Spiritual Development


  Characterized by the discovery and experience of the inner guide that steers the values and beliefs of a person
• Psychological Development


  The growth and development of a person's cognitive, emotional, and social skills
• Dualism


  The recognition and comprehension of the nature of things dually
• Mind/Body Connection


  Mind and body are connected. Thoughts, beliefs, feelings, and attitudes affect the body positively or negatively
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)


  Behavior is affected by how you think and feel. Its main purpose is to correct misconceptions, false beliefs, and faulty reasoning to sustain a healthy level of adjustment and connection with other people
• The Cycle of Behavior

  1. Thoughts

  2. Feelings

  3. Behaviors
• Ways to alter the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of a person

  • Rewards and Associations
  • Changing irrational beliefs
  • Reflection and automatic judgment
• Self-Evaluation


  The act of recognizing and evaluating the thoughts, emotions, and behaviors of the person and creating helpful and beneficial steps to understand the self and other people