Material and spiritual

• The spiritual aspect of the self is the inner essence, the part of the self that connects the person to the sacred, the supernatural, and the universe. Understanding and nurturing the spiritual self is as important as with the other aspects of the self. It develops through interaction, observation, and imitation. The family, school and church play a very important role in a child’s spiritual development. Spirituality begins at an early age but develops throughout life as people continuously interact in the environment (Monilla & Ramirez, 2018).
• Spirituality


  The search for the sacred, a process through which people seek to discover, hold on to, and, when necessary, transform whatever they hold sacred in their lives
• Spiritus


  The Latin word meaning breath or life force
• Spirituality is a collective human experience – something that links us all
• Spiritual experience may refer to

  • Sacred or mystical
  • Deep sense of joy and interrelatedness with the Supreme Being
  • Meaning and purpose in one's life
  • A search for wholeness
  • A relationship with a transcendent being
• Hill & Pargament, 2003: 'Spirituality can be understood as the search for the sacred, a process through which people seek to discover, hold on to, and, when necessary, transform whatever they hold sacred in their lives'
• Hage, Hopson, Siegel, & DeFanti, 2006: 'Spiritual experience may refer to meaning and purpose in one's life, a search for wholeness, and a relationship with a transcendent being'
• According to Dr. Christina Puchalski, Director of the George Washington Institute for Spirituality and Health, “spirituality is the aspect of humanity that refers to the way individuals seek and express meaning and purpose and the way they experience their connectedness to the moment, to self, to others, to nature, and to the significant or sacred.” Other people come into focus with their spirituality when faces with emotional trauma, physical ailment or even death.
• “Spirituality” was initially developed in early Christianity. Christians use the term “Spirit” to describe the Holy Spirit. In Christian Ethics, Peschke (1994) describes that the experience of the sacred is characterized by reverence, faith, fear, trust, love, and admiration which are linked to God. Adoration is an important deed to understand the fundamental meaning of transcendence and human life. There are various ways of doing worship, it may include prayer, reading the bible, attending sacraments or even doing sacrifices.
• Spirituality and religion are not the same thing. But spirituality is connected with religion. Religion is an organized system of ideas about the spiritual sphere or the supernatural along with associated ceremonial practices by which people try to interpret and/or influence aspects of the universe otherwise beyond their control. One’s spirituality may be expressed through religion and participation in religious rituals and ceremonies (Haviland, Prins, Walrath, & McBride, 2013). Spirituality and religion may be a source of love, hope, and affection (Brown & Parrish, 2011).
• • In Spirituality, the questions are: where do I personally find meaning, connection, and values? • In religion, the questions are: what is true and right? • Where the circles overlap is the person experience, which affects the way you, think, feel and behave.
• Emotional and spiritual well-being influence one another: • Spirituality is about finding significant association with something bigger than yourself, which may effect in positive emotions, like peace, contentment, acceptance, understanding , gratitude. • Emotional health is about nurturing a positive state of mind which can broaden your attitude to know and integrate a connection to something larger than yourself. Thus, emotions and spirituality are distinct but linked, deeply integrated with one another.
• Individuals are inclined to evaluate their life, reflect and analyze the choices they have made and most importantly learn lessons from these experiences. Some says that well-being and life satisfaction are the same but there is a bit difference between the two. Well-being is an inner, personal construct, associated with self-esteem, and self-understanding. It is how good one feels for himself/herself. While life satisfaction is a general attitude towards life. When both are present, happiness can be felt.
• Happiness


  The emotional result of life satisfaction
• Life satisfaction


  Desire to change one's life, satisfaction with the past, satisfaction with the future, and views of one's life
• Life satisfaction is associated with quality of life
• Factors that influence how life satisfaction and happiness can be achieved

  • Environmental conditions
  • Socio-economic status
  • Home and social environment
  • Interpersonal relationships
  • Education
  • Personality
  • Cognition
  • Physical health
• In the present time, most of us are facing difficulties and struggles
• People try to seek comfort or even security in various ways
• People experience struggles in achieving happiness and satisfaction
• Viktor Frankl


  A famous psychiatrist and writer
• Man's Search for Meaning

  A book written by Viktor Frankl that shared his personal experiences in the Nazi concentration camp
• Phases prisoners went through in the concentration camp

  1. State of shock

  2. Developing apathy

  3. Psychology of the prisoner after liberation
• Apathy


  The blunting of the emotions and the feeling that one could not care anymore. It could be considered a protective shell from the brutalities in the camp.
• Depersonalization


  A state in which everything seemed unreal, as in a dream, experienced by prisoners after liberation
• Logotherapy


  The basic tenets developed by Frankl based on his experiences in Nazi concentration camps during World War II
• Logotherapy


  • Embraces both the bright and dark sides of human existence
  • Believes that human suffering can contribute to human achievement and the search of meaning in life
• Logotherapy


  The quest of human existence and on man's search for meaning in life
• Ways to discover the meaning of life in logotherapy

  1. Doing a deed

  2. Experiencing a value

  3. Suffering
• Discovering meaning by doing a deed


  Through achievements or accomplishments
• Discovering meaning by experiencing something or someone


  Such as loving a person, which enables one to see the essential traits and features of the beloved person
• Love


  Finds its deepest meaning in one's spiritual being- the inner self
• Discovering meaning by suffering

  It is through sufferings that man encounter the central theme of existentialism: to live is to suffer, to survive is to find meaning in the suffering
• Everyone has his or her own specific vocation or mission in life; everyone must carry out concrete assignment that demands fulfillment. Within the context of spirituality, being cognizant of one’s purpose in life, accepting limitations and celebrating strengths, enabling love and concern for others, and engaging in behaviors that embody all these will lead one to have well-being and life satisfaction.
• If there is purpose in life at all, there must be a purpose in suffering and in dying
• Each one must find out for himself or herself and must accept the responsibility that his or her answers prescribe
• If he or she succeeds, he or she will continue to grow despite all indignities
• Nietzsche: '"He who has a way to live can bear almost any how"'
• Spirituality


  Associated with animism
• Animism


  • The belief that creatures, objects, and places possess certain spirits
  • The belief that things and places are alive and grounded by a supernatural order