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Skylar Kreider
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Cards (261)
Attribution Theory
Tendency to give explanations for someone's
behaviour
, often by
crediting situation
or person's disposition
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Fundamental Attribution Theory
Tendency to
overestimate
the impact of person's disposition and
underestimate
impact of situation
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Foot-in-the-Door
Phenomenon
Tendency to apply with
larger
requests after responding to a
smaller
request
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Zimbardo - Stanford Prison Experiment/Lucifer Effect
Role Playing: People take on the role of what they feel are
proper
for the situation
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Cognitive Dissonance
People change their behavior to avoid looking bad, ie person is against
gay
rights then becomes
gay
, he will change attitude to gay rights activist
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Asch
-
conformity
Tendency to go along with the views and actions of others, even if you know they are wrong -
line test
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Milgram -
obedience
People tend to obey
authority
figures;
60
% of participants thought they delivered the max possible level of shock
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Social Facilitation
Improved performance in presence of others;
easy
tasks get
easier
as hard tasks get harder
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Social Loafing
In the presence of others, people tend to do less, partly because they believe others will do it
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Deindividualization
Loss of
self-awareness
and
self-restraint
, typically in a sense of anomie (mob situation)
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Group Polarization
If a group is like-minded,
discussion
strengthens prevailing options and
attitudes
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Groupthink
A mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for
harmony
in a
decision-making
group overrides realistic appraisal of alternatives
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Just-World Phenomenon
Tendency of people to believe that the world is just and people get what they
deserve
and
deserve
what they get
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Social Traps
Situation in which the confliction parties, by each rationally pursuing their
self-interests
, become caught in
mutually destructive
behaviour
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In-group
People with whom one shares a
common
identity with
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Out-group
Those perceived as
different
from themselves
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Hindsight Bias
Tendency to
believe
, after learning an outcome, that we would have
predicted
it beforehand and may contribute to blaming the victim and forming prejudices against him/her
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Prejudice
Unjustifiable
attitude
towards a
group
and its members
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Mere exposure effect
The mere exposure to a stimulus will
increase
the liking of it
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Altruism
Unselfish
regard for the
welfare
to others
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Bystander effect
Tendency for any given bystander to be
less
likely to give
aid
if other bystanders are present
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Reciprocity Norms
The
expectation
that we should return help, not
harm
to those who have helped us
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Perspectives in Psychology
Biological
Cognitive
Humanistic
Behavioral
Psychoanalytic
Sociocultural
Evolutionary
Developmental
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Wilhelm Wundt
Father
of
psychology
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Introspection
Looking
inward
at one's own
mental
processes
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Structuralism
Analyze sensations,
images
, and
feelings
into their most basic elements
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William James
The
brain
and mind are constantly
changing
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Functionalism
Underlying causes and practical consequences of certain behaviors and mental
strategies
- "steam of
consciousness
"
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John Locke
- Tabula Rosa
Mind is a blank slate written on by
experiences
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Sigmund Freud
Founder of
psychoanalysis
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Psychoanalytic
Theory
All behavior is meaningful and driven by
unconscious
forces
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Applied Research
Aims to solve
practical
problems
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Basic Research
Pure science that aims to
increase
the
scientific knowledge base
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Hypothesis
A testable prediction, often induced by a theory, to enable us to accept,
reject
, or
revise
the theory (educated guess)
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IV
A factor, manipulated by the
experimenter
, and whose
effect
is studied
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DV
A factor that may change in response to the
IV
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Theory
An explanation that integrates
principles
, organizes, and
predicts
behaviour or event
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Operational
definition
A clear statement of what one is looking for in an
experiment
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Validity
It
measures
what you want it to be
measured
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Reliability
It is
replicable
and is
consistent
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