AP Psych Review

    Cards (261)

    • Attribution Theory
      Tendency to give explanations for someone's behaviour, often by crediting situation or person's disposition
    • Fundamental Attribution Theory
      Tendency to overestimate the impact of person's disposition and underestimate impact of situation
    • Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon
      Tendency to apply with larger requests after responding to a smaller request
    • Zimbardo - Stanford Prison Experiment/Lucifer Effect
      Role Playing: People take on the role of what they feel are proper for the situation
    • Cognitive Dissonance
      People change their behavior to avoid looking bad, ie person is against gay rights then becomes gay, he will change attitude to gay rights activist
    • Asch - conformity
      Tendency to go along with the views and actions of others, even if you know they are wrong - line test
    • Milgram - obedience
      People tend to obey authority figures; 60% of participants thought they delivered the max possible level of shock
    • Social Facilitation
      Improved performance in presence of others; easy tasks get easier as hard tasks get harder
    • Social Loafing
      In the presence of others, people tend to do less, partly because they believe others will do it
    • Deindividualization
      Loss of self-awareness and self-restraint, typically in a sense of anomie (mob situation)
    • Group Polarization
      If a group is like-minded, discussion strengthens prevailing options and attitudes
    • Groupthink
      A mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides realistic appraisal of alternatives
    • Just-World Phenomenon
      Tendency of people to believe that the world is just and people get what they deserve and deserve what they get
    • Social Traps
      Situation in which the confliction parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interests, become caught in mutually destructive behaviour
    • In-group
      People with whom one shares a common identity with
    • Out-group
      Those perceived as different from themselves
    • Hindsight Bias
      Tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that we would have predicted it beforehand and may contribute to blaming the victim and forming prejudices against him/her
    • Prejudice
      Unjustifiable attitude towards a group and its members
    • Mere exposure effect
      The mere exposure to a stimulus will increase the liking of it
    • Altruism
      Unselfish regard for the welfare to others
    • Bystander effect
      Tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
    • Reciprocity Norms
      The expectation that we should return help, not harm to those who have helped us
    • Perspectives in Psychology
      • Biological
      • Cognitive
      • Humanistic
      • Behavioral
      • Psychoanalytic
      • Sociocultural
      • Evolutionary
      • Developmental
    • Wilhelm Wundt
      Father of psychology
    • Introspection
      Looking inward at one's own mental processes
    • Structuralism
      Analyze sensations, images, and feelings into their most basic elements
    • William James
      The brain and mind are constantly changing
    • Functionalism
      Underlying causes and practical consequences of certain behaviors and mental strategies - "steam of consciousness"
    • John Locke - Tabula Rosa

      Mind is a blank slate written on by experiences
    • Sigmund Freud
      Founder of psychoanalysis
    • Psychoanalytic Theory

      All behavior is meaningful and driven by unconscious forces
    • Applied Research
      Aims to solve practical problems
    • Basic Research
      Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
    • Hypothesis
      A testable prediction, often induced by a theory, to enable us to accept, reject, or revise the theory (educated guess)
    • IV
      A factor, manipulated by the experimenter, and whose effect is studied
    • DV
      A factor that may change in response to the IV
    • Theory
      An explanation that integrates principles, organizes, and predicts behaviour or event
    • Operational definition

      A clear statement of what one is looking for in an experiment
    • Validity
      It measures what you want it to be measured
    • Reliability

      It is replicable and is consistent