Lesson 1: Ethical Requirements

• Human behavior has consequences for the welfare of others.
• Reason and impartiality are not absolute to any particular group of people, while morality is absolute. Whatever is considered wrong morally within a certain group of people cannot be debated through reason. Morality decides the outcome first and them employs reason to justify it. For impartiality, fairness is given more importance where people are supposed to be treated equally before the law
• Reason is the capacity for consciously making sense of things, establishing and verifying facts, applying logic, and changing or justifying practices, institutions and beliefs based on new or existing information (Kompridis, 2000). Reason, or an aspect of it, is sometimes referred to as rationality.
• PREDICTING CONSEQUENCES - Moral reasoning involves predicting consequences of an action
• Impartiality also called evenhandedness or fair-mindedness is a principle of justice holding that decisions should be based on objective criteria, rather than on the basis of bias, prejudice, or preferring the benefit to one person over another for improper reason.
• STEPS IN MORAL REASONING MODEL

  Step 1: Identify the problem. Step 2: Identify the potential issues involved. Step 3: Review relevant ethical guidelines. Step 4: Know relevant laws and regulations. Step 5: Obtain consultation. Step 6: Consider possible and probable courses of action. Step 7: List the consequences of the probable courses of action. Step 8: Decide on what appears to be the best course of action.
• Will, generally, is that faculty of the mind which selects, at the moment of decision, the strongest desire from among the various desires present. Within philosophy the will is important as one of the distinct parts of the mind-along with reason and understanding.
• A moral dilemma occurs when there are two or more competing moral principles or duties, and no clear solution exists. In such cases, individuals must weigh their options carefully and choose the least bad option.