ENGLISH

• Idea development is essential in writing. This is done by organizing ideas in

  a logical and clear manner that suits the writer’s purpose
• Grammatical signals are writing devices such as transitional devices, connectors, determiners, and repetitions that are used to maintain text coherence.
• Pattern of idea development refers to the structure of writing on how the ideas are being presented.
• General to Particular - This pattern of idea development discusses the general topic by presenting specific details that support the topic
• Cause and Effect - This pattern of idea development explains the causes or the effects of something.
• Claim and Counterclaim - This pattern of idea development refers to the structure of presenting a side of an issue in an argumentative manner.
• Problem-Solution - This pattern of idea development is used when a writer identifies a problem and addresses it by presenting one or more solutions
• Persuasion - This pattern of idea development intends to convince the readers to do or believe in something
• Outline - is a tool used in improving and organizing written ideas about a topic into a logical order
• Sentence Outline - It is a type of outline that presents the thesis statement, major topics, subtopics, and supporting details in sentence form.
• Topic Outline - It is a type of outline which presents the major topics, subtopics, and supporting details in the form of words and phrases.
• Thesis Statement - is a one-sentence statement that expresses the main idea of an essay.
• Major topics - refer to the major phrases/sentences which are formed from the thesis statement.
• Subtopics - refer to the minor phrases/sentences which are formed from the major topics
• Supporting Details - are phrases/sentences which provide additional information to clarify or prove the main idea.
• Primary sources are firsthand information taken from original evidences such as reports on discoveries and events and interviews from persons in authority
• Secondary sources are secondhand information taken from the primary sources.
• Synthesizing is pulling together different ideas to come up with a new, bigger idea.
• Paraphrase -To put a passage from source material into your own words similar in length as the original
• Analyze - To break complex topic into smaller parts.
• Inferencing - Re-wording of a paragraph or text, in order to borrow, clarify, or expand on information without plagiarizing.
• A statement containing one main idea, which serves as guide in the process of synthesizing is called Topic sentence
• Primary is the best source to use when synthesizing written information
• Summarizing - Re-stating someone else’s ideas into as few words as possible
• Paragraph - is a group of sentences organized to discuss a topic
• Supporting sentences serve as the body of your paragraph. This is where you elaborate your topic by including specific details or evidences
• Concluding sentence restates what the topic of the paragraph is all about
• Unity means that all sentences in the paragraph talk about one central idea
• Coherence refers to the connection of ideas in the paragraph in general
• Development refers to the principle when a paragraph describes, elaborates, explains, and supports its topic sentence
• Narration - the paragraph tells a story or recounts a series of events. It arranges the events or ideas in a chronological order which means the events are organized from beginning to end
• Description - the paragraph is characterized by using more adjectives or vivid sensory description.
• Process - this pattern of development is usually used to explain a process on how to do something
• Exemplification - this pattern of paragraph development uses series of examples to support the topic sentence.
• Comparison/Contrast - This pattern of paragraph development is used when a paragraph demonstrates comparison and/or contrast or examines how given subjects are either similar or different
• Definition - This pattern of paragraph development aims to give a complete working definition of a term, concept, or idea
• Classification - This pattern of paragraph development presents a topic and classifies it into component parts, types, kinds or categories.
• Explanation - explains a particular subject or topic through ideas that support it
• Expository – are also informational texts that present factual data on a topic through description, sequence, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, and problem-solution.
• Procedural text - lists a sequence of actions or steps needed to make or do something.