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• Parallelisms of music and literature

  Evident in almost all forms of vocal music during the Romantic period
• Composers


  Interpret poems, mood, atmosphere and imagery into music
• Art song


  Musical composition written for solo voice and piano, with inspiration from poetry
• Art song


  • Mood is often set at the beginning with piano introduction and concluded with a piano postlude
• Romantic artists


  Found inspiration in landscapes, traditional myths, legends and folklore usually dealing with the supernatural, grotesque, and less ordinary
• Vocal music in the Romantic period


  • Require singers to perform a greater range of tone color, dynamics and pitch
• Opera


  An important source of musical expressions, where all the arts converged: not only music, but poetry, painting, architecture and the dance as well
• Giuseppe Verdi


  A name associated with Romantic opera
• Verdi's operas


  • Characters are ordinary people and not those of the royal family, he insisted on a good libretto and wrote operas with political overtones for middle-class audience
• Verdi was born in Parma, Italy on October 9, 1813
• Verdi studied in Busseto and later went to Milan where his first opera "Oberto" was performed in La Scala, the most important opera house at the time
• Verdi's operas


  • Almost all are serious love stories with unhappy endings, expressive vocal melody is the soul of a Verdi opera
• Verdi completed 25 operas throughout his career
• Verdi's final opera ends with "All the world's a joke"
• Some of Verdi's famous operas are still being produced and performed worldwide, such as La Traviata, Rigoletto, Falstaff, Otello and Aida
• Verdi died in Milan, Italy on January 27, 1901
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