SCIENCE 4TH QUARTER

• Map


  Gives us a flat picture of the location of places on earth
• Globe


  Gives a description of how the places look on the curved surface of the earth
• Longitude


  Measures distances east and west of the prime meridian
• Latitude


  Measures distances north and south of the equator
• Meridians


  Lines drawn from the north pole to the south pole
• Greenwich England is the prime meridian
• Philippines


  • Located in the heart of Southeast Asia
  • One of the biggest island groups in the world
  • 7,100 Islands
  • Has 21 active volcanoes
• Lahars


  Mud flows
• PHILVOLCS


  Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
• Active and dormant volcanoes

  • Pinatubo
  • Taal
  • Mayon
  • Bulusan
• Volcanoes considered active by PHILVOCS

  • Kanlaon
  • Hibok-hibok
  • Kitanglad
  • Parker
• Natural Resources


  Materials from the environment that man use to sustain life
• Types of Natural Resources

  • Renewable Resources
  • Non-renewable Resources
• Renewable Resources


  Can be replenished or replaced in a short span of time
• Renewable Resources

  • Forests
  • Wildlife
  • Water
  • Marine life
• Non-renewable Resources


  Takes millions of years to be replenished
• Philippine soil is mostly volcanic in origin and can support diverse species of plants
• Maria Cristina Falls in Iligan generates electricity for the nearby provinces
• Minerals


  • Solid mixtures of chemicals, each with a set of characteristics like a fingerprint
  • Naturally formed elements or compounds whose particles are arranged in an orderly manner to form crystals
• In 1812, the Austrian mineralogist Friedrich Mohs (1773-1839) set a scale of mineral hardness from talc (1), the softest, to diamond (10), the hardest.
• MOHS SCALE 

  TALC 

  GYPSUM

  CALCITE

  FLOURITE 

  APATITE

  ORTHOCLAUSE

  QUARTZ 

  TOPAZ

  CORUNDUM

  DIAMOND
• Moh's Scale

  • is the scale devised by the Australian mineralogist Friedrich Mohs that measures the hardness of minerals by scratching.
• Economics

  • Refer to the current market value of precious stones and jewels.
• Diamond

  • is used as a cutting tool.
• Gypsum 

  • is used as a raw material in wallboard and roofing tiles. 
• Graphite 

  • when mixed with clay is used as lead for pencils.
• marble and limestone

  • are used for construction and decorative purposes.