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• It is a form of language that adheres to

  standard syntax and conversational styles

  rather than a rhythmic structure. This distinct

  feature, along with its focus on sentences

  instead of traditional verses, distinguishes it

  from poetry.
• PROSE It is a form of language that adheres to

  standard syntax and conversational styles

  rather than a rhythmic structure. This distinct

  feature, along with its focus on sentences

  instead of traditional verses, distinguishes it

  from poetry.
• Nonfictional Prose: A literary work like essays,

  biographies and autobiographies that are mainly based

  on fact, though it may contain fictional elements in

  certain cases
• Fictional Prose: Holistically or partially imagined

  stories like novels and

  stories.
• Heroic Prose: A literary work that might be recorded

  or recounted, and which utilizes a significant number

  of the standard articulations found in oral custom.
• Prose Poetry: A literary work that shows poetic

  characteristics and nature and utilizing passionate

  impacts and elevated symbolism.
• The time and location in which a story takes place

  is called the setting.

  I. SETTING
• PLACE - GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION.
• TIME -WHEN IS THE STORY TAKING PLACE?
• WEATHER CONDITIONS - IS IT RAINY, SUNNY, STORMY, ETC?
• SOCIAL CONDITIONS -WHAT IS THE DAILY LIFE OF THE CHARACTERS LIKE?
• MOOD OR ATMOSPHERE -WHAT FEELING IS CREATED AT THE BEGINNING OF THE STORY?
• –People who take part in the story

  –Individuals that do the action in the story

  –Occasionally, it could be an animal or object given

  human qualities

  II. CHARACTER
• PROTAGONIST the chief figure who struggles against opposing

  forces
• ANTAGONIST the force, most often another character, that opposes

  the protagonist
• DYNAMIC CHARACTER one whose attitudes and values are affected by the

  events in the story
• FLAT CHARACTER a character having only a single trait or quality
• ROUND CHARACTER a character with multiple dimensions or complexity
• STATIC CHARACTER one whose personality, attitudes, and beliefs remain

  fixed, no matter what kinds of situations he encounters
• CHARACTERIZATION The development of characters as done by the short

  story writer. The way in which an author presents and

  reveals his/her characters.
• Direct presentation

  –the author makes explicit/outright statements or

  explanations about the characters.
• Indirect presentation

  –the author reveals the characters through actions

  and dialogues
• PLOT The plot is the logical arrangement of events in a

  story or play. The plot is an organized. logical series

  of events having a beginning, middle, and end.
• 1.LINEAR PLOT

  In literature, a linear plot begins at a certain point, moves

  through a series of events to a climax and then ends up

  at another point.
• 2. EPISODIC PLOT

  Made up of a series of chapters or stories linked together

  by the same character, place, or theme but held apart by

  their individual plot, purpose, and subtext.
• Conflict is essential to plot. It is the opposition of

  forces which ties one incident to another and makes

  the plot move.
• EXTERNAL - A STRUGGLEWITH A FORCE OUTSIDE ONE'S SELF.
• INTERNAL - A STRUGGLEWITHIN ONE'S SELF; A PERSON MUST

  MAKE SOME DECISION, OVERCOME PAIN, QUIET THEIR TEMPER, RESIST

  AN URGE, ETC.
• INTERNAL - A STRUGGLEWITHIN ONE'S SELF; A PERSON MUST

  MAKE SOME DECISION, OVERCOME PAIN, QUIET THEIR TEMPER, RESIST

  AN URGE, ETC.
• 1)MANVS.MAN(PHYSICAL)

  • THELEADINGCHARACTERSTRUGGLESWITH HISPHYSICAL

  STRENGTHAGAINSTOTHERMEN,FORCESOFNATURE,ORANIMALS.A

  CHARACTERSTRUGGLESWITHANOTHERCHARACTER.
• 2)MANVS.NATURE

  -ACHARACTERSTRUGGLESWITHAFORCEOFNATURE(NATURAL

  DISASTER,DESOLATION,ANIMAL,ETC.)USUALLY,THECHARACTERIS

  STRUGGLINGTOSURVIVE.
• 3) MANVS.SOCIETY

  • INTHISCONFLICT,ACHARACTER,ORAGROUPOFCHARACTERSFIGHT

  AGAINSTTHESOCIETYINWHICHTHEYLIVE.THECHARACTERFIGHTS

  AGAINSTSOCIALTRADITIONSORRULES(FIGHTFORFREEDOM,RIGHTS,

  FORACAUSEETC.)
• 4)MANVS.SELF

  -THECHARACTER’SSTRUGGLETAKESPLACEINHIS/HEROWNMIND.

  USUALLYHASSOMETHINGTODOWITHACHOICE(CHOOSING

  BETWEENRIGHTORWRONG),ORITMAYHAVETODOWITH

  OVERCOMINGEMOTIONSORMIXEDFEELINGS.
• 5)MANVS.SUPERNATURAL

  -ISACONFLICTBETWEENACHARACTERANDSOMETHINGTHATIS

  NOT NORMAL IN SOME WAY. SUPERNATURAL ELEMENTS INCLUDE

  GHOSTS, OMENS, ANDSUPERSTITIONS.
• 6) MANVS.FATE

  • THISTYPEOFCONFLICTSOCCURSWHENISTRAPPEDBYANINEVITABLE

  DESTINY,FREEDOMANDFREE.
• Point of view, or P.O.V., is defined as the angle from

  which the story is told.
• 1.FIRSTPERSON

  -THESTORYISTOLDBYTHEPROTAGONISTORONEOFTHECHARACTERS

  WHOINTERACTSCLOSELYWITHTHEPROTAGONISTOROTHERCHARACTERS

  (USINGPRONOUNSI,ME,WE,ETC).
• 2.SECONDPERSON

  -ISRELATIVELYRAREBECAUSEITMAKESTHEREADERACHARACTERINTHE

  STORYANDDIRECTLYADDRESSESTHEREADERAS'YOU'

  .
• 3.THIRDPERSONP.O.V

  –THENARRATORDOESNOTPARTICIPATEINTHEACTIONOFTHESTORY

  ASONEOFTHECHARACTERSBUTLETUSKNOWEXACTLYWHATTHE

  CHARACTERSFEEL.(USESTHIRDPERSONALPRONOUNHE,SHE,IT,THEY)
• A.OMNISCIENT

  -ANARRATORWHOKNOWSEVERYTHINGABOUTTHECHARACTERSISALL

  KNOWINGOROMNISCIENT.