NPN CHEM

• Uric acid is reabsorbed mostly in the proximal tubules to be reused
• Monosodium urate is insoluble in pH 7
• Uric acid determination is done to prevent uric acid nephropathy during chemotherapeutic treatment
• Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is an azotemia associated disease due to the deficiency of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase
• The chemical caraway method for uric acid uses Phosphotungstic acid
• Reference method for uric acid determination is IDMS
• Uric acid determination using the Colorimetric Method causes problems with turbidity and interference from drugs
• Creatinine is synthesized in liver from Arginine, Glycine and Methionine
• In renal disease, increase in Creatinine within days to weeks leads to Acute Kidney injury which is reversible
• In renal disease, the increase of Creatinine extending for months leads to Chronic Kidney disease which is irreversible
• The normal BUN:Creatinine ratio is 10:1 to 20:1
• The expected BUN: Creatinine ratio in pre-renal azotemia is >20:1
• The expected BUN:Creatinine ratio in Renal and Post-renal Azotemia is <20:1
• In Jaffe reaction, Creatinine is reacted with alkaline picrate to form red-orange complex
• Adsorbent used in Jaffe reaction include Fuller's earth or Lloyd's reagent
• Fuller's earth adsorbent used in Jaffe reaction is composed of aluminum magnesium silicate
• A modification of Fuller's earth called Lloyd's reagent used in Jaffe reaction is composed of sodium and aluminum silicate
• Jaffe reaction is a chemical based reaction used to in the determination of Creatinine
• Reference Method for Creatinine is ISOTOPE DILUTION MASS SPECTROMETRY
• Creatinine determination using Colorimetric method include Endpoint and Kinetic
• Ammonia is the product of deamination of Amino acid during protein metabolism
• Ion-selective method in Ammonia determination is measured by potentiometry
• Spectrophotometric method for ammonia determination allows Ammonia to react with bromophenol blue, producing a blue dye
• Glutamate dehydrogenase is the enzyme used in the determination of Ammonia by Enzymatic method
• Smoking can cause False elevation of Ammonia prior to collection
• Specimen that will be used for Ammonia determination should be placed in an iced environment